Ethical Nursing Essay Example Essay Example

Moral Nursing Essay Example Paper Moral Nursing Essay Introduction The point of this paper is to talk about a moral issue experienced while on arrangement. The conversation will concentrate because of the key morals hypotheses of deontology and utilitarianism, morals standards of independence, value, non-perniciousness and equity on dynamic practically speaking. It will consider the patients’ and staffs’ qualities and convictions, enactment and expert practice. Secrecy will be regarded by utilizing a pen name, as per the Nursing and Midwifery Council [NMC] (2008) rules on privacy. Song, a multi year old woman, was experiencing the menopause and was admitted to the gynecology ward in medical clinic in the north west of England with indications of outrageous lower stomach torment and issues with pee. Following examinations she was determined to have an uterine prolapse which was causing automatic pee misfortune and maintenance, and clogging. An away from of the condition was given by the expert who prescribed that she experience a hyster ectomy to which she concurred in light of the fact that she was in serious torment. While perusing the educated assent papers before theater, Carol made an unequivocal solicitation that she ought not be transfused with blood or blood items even on account of broad blood misfortune following medical procedure. Her purposes behind this were she had a place with a gathering of Jehovah’s witnesses, and it was just against her convictions. Morals can be characterized as the philosophical investigation of the virtue of human lead and of the standards and rules that ought to oversee it. Moral Nursing Essay Body Paragraphs It is the code of conduct considered right particularly that of a specific gathering, individual or calling (Orme-Smith Spicer, 2001). The morals hypotheses of utilitarianism and deontology are generally unmistakable in medicinal services. Utilitarianism, which can be characterized as ‘doing the ethically right occasion in the demonstration of good’ (Winifred Tadd, 1988,) centers around the outcomes of activities, picking those that do least damage. Connecting this in with Carol’s case, if her hysterectomy was to turn out badly and result in huge plasma volume misfortune, a choice would need to be made to her greatest advantage. If she somehow happened to be transfused her life could be spared yet her future joy as a rehearsing Jehovah’s Witness would be unfavorably influenced. Be that as it may, legitimately and morally, Carol is thought to have the option to settle on choices with respect to her own body which ought to be regarded. The NMC (2008) states i f this somehow managed to bring about a decay of wellbeing, or even passing, as far as morals, it is essentially not allowed to conflict with a patient wishes, whatever the expense. As human services experts, we have an obligation of care which we should seek after consistently. Deontology, another morals hypothesis, centers around the rightness or misleading quality of aims or thought processes behind activity, for example, regard for rights, obligations, or standards, rather than the rightness or unsoundness of the outcomes of those activities (Orme-Smith Spicer, 2001). The deontological moral hypothesis was proposed by Immanual Kant, where he puts incredible accentuation on to the obligation of care. He likewise suggested that the guideline of regarding self-sufficiency was of most significance. Song has unmistakably denied any blood results of any sort, so the obligation of care given is do everything in capacity to comprehend the circumstance †with the exception of transfu sion. Being an obligation based hypothesis, deontology would require human services experts to adhere to any guidelines, guidelines, conventions or techniques set somewhere around the National Health Service and trust whether or not this was what the patient needed. It tends to be seen that neither one of the theories regards or works for the patients’ best result so a blend of the two will ordinarily be utilized to help dynamic (Butts, 2005). To make an interpretation of the speculations into training, Beauchamp and Childress (2001) recommend that a morals hypotheses system which incorporates self-sufficiency, value, non-evil and equity is useful. Self-sufficiency focuses on self-coordinating opportunity and good freedom. It is the appropriate for patients to settle on their own choices and for medicinal services experts to regard these consistently, regardless of whether they believe it to be the correct decision for her or not (Kenworthy, 2002). Hymn is a capable disapprov ed, multi year old woman, who has been engaged with the Jehovah’s Witness convictions and qualities for various years. She is fit for settling on such a choice in the wake of being made totally mindful of the circumstance, including the upsides and downsides of her choice. Non-evil is the commitment to do no mischief. Advantage, basically intends to do great, and is having the quality to be benevolent and kind. After taking a gander at these hypotheses in general, there is no uncertainty about a contention between these standards. Numerous ethical issues looked by medical caretakers come from clashes between commitments created by the guideline of regard for self-sufficiency, against commitments produced by the standards of non perniciousness and value. Rewarding a patient against their particular wishes applies to ditties case. Self-sufficiency can at times not be regarded, with specific limitations, for example, the inclination to act advantageously. In Carol’s case, this is transfuse if there was no other arrangement during her medical procedure/aftercare, and it would be to benefit Carol, and acting in a route as to not hurt her further (non wrathfulness). The nurse’s job is to help the patient in settling on educated and fitting choices, in understanding to their own qualities or ways of life (Chadwick Tadd, 1992). This implies ethically no blood transfusion should occur as it is the patient’s choice that matters and ought to be regarded. Every single clinical intercession, regardless of whether indicative, restorative or for investigate †can possibly disregard tolerant self-rule. (Quiet focused morals, 2006). It is consistently for the patients’ eventual benefits, and in Carol’s case she has put her religion before her potential perilous medical procedure. This is as yet her decision, and no specialist or attendant should impact her choice in this. There is continually going to be a likely conflict. Another significant patient-focused moral hypothesis is Paternalism. Paternalism is a refusal of self-sufficiency, and a replacement of an individual’s decisions or activity to their benefit (David Jeffrey, 2006). None clinical viewpoints to a people life has more effect and hugeness to the patient then the disease/system close by. Carol’s religion pays a major part in her life and everything encompassing it, I. e. way of life, family, and Doctors have restricted capabilities to empower them to summarize the damages and advantages which acting in helpfulness can cause. The results of Carol accepting blood results of any sort without wanting to, would prompt her turning out to be disregarded by her religion, something that clearly is top need and could demolish her life, decimate her ethics and all that she trusted in. The refusal of a lifesaving blood transfusion by a capable grown-up Jehovah’s Witness, bringing about the demise of a patient whose life could have been s pared is a case of a genuine moral predicament. In the event that Jehovah’s Witness patients are compelled to acknowledge a blood transfusion that is in opposition to their convictions, their independence as patients is unmistakably shamed. In the event that patients pass on because of denying this treatment, there is a feeling that â€Å"harm† has been done and that a clinical â€Å"benefit,† usually accessible to other people, was not accessible for these patients (David Jeffrey, 2006). Equity, another essential morals rule, where the underlining commitment is to regard the way that everybody has the privilege to medicinal services, regardless of what their convictions or qualities, sex, sexual direction or race. This is a moral structure that centers essentially around an individual’s rights dangers being unjustifiable to other people, as issues of self-sufficiency may money with standards of equity (Verena Tschudin, 1992). Alliteratively, equity can b e comprehended as far as reasonableness whereby a person’s guarantee to something depends on an ethically significant property, for example, need (Fletcher, 1995). Educated assent is a fundamental factor without which the treatment couldn't morally, legitimately or expertly happen. In current practice the accentuation has moved from wellbeing experts being obliged basically to reveal data to patients, to guaranteeing the nature of data uncovered truly empowers the patient to settle on a self-ruling choice (Fletcher, 1995). The NMC (2008) states that: â€Å"You must guarantee that you gain assent before you start any treatment or care†. There are two primary types of assent †verbal/activity and educated composed assent. These must be solicited before any sort from care or treatment can happen. In Carol’s case, she had rounded out an assent structure, which recorded all the constraints and wellbeing dangers having her activity could involve. It was on this st ructure the conceivable requirement for blood transfusion happened, and Carol communicated her conviction issues with accepting this treatment if vital. Specialists by and large feel that regard for the patient’s self-governance necessitates that this desire ought to be complied. They have sound legitimate explanations behind this as well, as to direct blood despite refusal by a patient might be unlawful and could prompt crook and additionally considerate procedures. In spite of the fact that Jehovah’s Witnesses can't acknowledge blood, they are available to other clinical methods (Garnet, 2000). Proceeding onward ,in practicing authority, a human services proficient is limited by the psychological capacities act (2005), which says that acting in accordance with some basic honesty implies acting with trustworthiness, respectability, and due tirelessness. They should care for the individual who does not have the capacities to act in accordance with some basic honesty to wards them. Educated grown-ups who are equipped for understanding news on their hea

Mythic and Fairy

The sentiment of looming risk as the story advances is made for the peruser in Joyce Carol Oates’ short story, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?, through utilizing legendary components to depict what's going on in the plot. All through the story, she utilizes a few depictions related with the fallen angel to fill in as similitudes for the male character and what happens to Connie as likewise representative of the intensity of fiendishness to entice, overcome, and demolish the person. Connie is the image of honesty. A little youngster of fifteen, she is at the hour of pre-adulthood when young ladies start to investigate past their youth lives and have a sample of how it resembles to be an adult. She is likewise really, fixated on mirrors and whining with her looks. She is not normal for her plain more established sister. Like most beautiful young ladies her age who need fervor and not be â€Å"plain and steady† like the sister, Connie is giggly and excited for new things, unconscious that peril sneaks prepared to abuse the dreams of young ladies like her. She resembles guiltless Red Riding Hood who thinks the forested areas are pleasant, comfortable spots to go through unconscious of the wolf that lives inside. In the wake of depicting Connie and her family, the creator presents the strategy of fusing mythic component in the story by portraying the drive-in café as a â€Å"sacred developing that lingered out of the night to give them what asylum and favors they longed for†¦the music was†¦like music at a congregation service†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢ The eatery is a healthy spot for youngsters to meet and appreciate each other’s organization. Notwithstanding, once Connie escapes the eatery towards the parking garage, she isn't protected any longer. The demon sneaks simply outside holy places, prepared to entice any individual who escapes the sanctuary and who is happy to accomplish something mischievous and fun. It is outside where Connie sees Arnold Friend just because in spite of the fact that they would not be acquainted with one another then as Connie is with Eddie, a healthy kid her age whom she meets in the â€Å"sacred† café. Directly after that first gathering, the story starts its unpleasant quality as the creator centers around Arnold Friend and utilizations legendary and social relationship with the villain to portray him.â One affiliation is the manner by which Arnold Friend comes into the image and what he looks like. His methodology is reported by the â€Å"glow of moderate beat happiness that appeared to rise strangely out of the music† which Connie was tuning in to at the time her folks and sister went to a grill party at her aunt’s one end of the week, disregarding her in the house. Awesome music, melodies that are quick and hard, is related with defiant adolescents. Arnold Friend appears to her with a stone tune out of sight and seeming as though a demigod himself, much the same as the men in Connie’s dream. He had â€Å"fair earthy colored hair†¦sideburns (that) gave him a wild, humiliated look†¦wore sunglasses†¦tight blurred pants stuffed into dark, scraped boots, a belt that pulled his midriff in and demonstrated how lean he was†¦the jaw and jawline and cheeks marginally obscured in light of the fact that he hadn’t shaved†¦and the nose long and hawklike.† His highlights are sharp, his clothing scruffy, and his bearing is masculine. He claims to her dream to look speaking to her, in this way making it simpler to accomplish his motivation. In any case, the skin around his eyes, which she sees when he removes his glasses, was â€Å"like gaps that were not in shadow however rather in light.† The eyes themselves were â€Å"like chips of broken glass that light in a pleasant way.† They were shrewd eyes, splendid and not at all like typical natural eyes. At the point when he talks, it is in â€Å"a basic lilting voice, precisely as though he were discussing the words to a song.† He continually grins, as well. His name is Arnold Friend, an undeniable play on words on â€Å"fiend†. He is clearly a miscreant with awful expectations yet one who camouflages them well. No other name is more reliable than one who has â€Å"Friend† for a family name. Arnold rides a brilliant jalopy. The sparkling vehicle represents how the enticements of malevolence consistently arrive in an amazing and alluring bundle. Connie herself is diverted and interested with the vehicle. He utilizes signs and mystery codes. At the point when the vehicle grinds to a halt by the front entryway, â€Å"the horn sounded four taps.† Beside Arnold Friend’s vehicle are more codes: the numbers 33, 19, and 17. He additionally tells Connie at one point during their discussion that he has a sign, the letter X. Strange notion, with its distraction with codes, signs and numbers, is associated with the clouded side. Another affiliation is the recommendation that Arnold Friend has a deep understanding of Connie and is even clairvoyant. At the point when he calls Connie by name, she is shocked since she never presented herself whenever he crashes into their doorstep. He knows the names of her relatives, every one of her companions from school, and reveals to her that he can perceive what's going on at Aunt Tillie’s grill party at the exact instant that he is conversing with her. Connie, obviously, understands the risk she is in despite the fact that it requires some investment to soak in light of the fact that from the start she wants to simply forgo Arnold off and he would basically disregard her. She knows the signs to the sort of fermenting inconvenience she is looking with Arnold when she perceives â€Å"that tired marvelous grin that all the young men used to get across thoughts they didn’t need to place into words†¦and the monotonous way he talked, marginally ridiculing, joking, yet serious†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She knows the round of enticement and she attempts to oppose as hard as could reasonably be expected. Later on in the discussion, be that as it may, when Connie keeps on opposing and particularly when she undermines him with calling the police, Arnold gradually removes the cover he has put on to entice her with pleasantness and gets intense. Malicious can't keep on its sweet face when it understands how it is very nearly rout. At the point when it can't get its way through flattery and cajoling, it would fall back on the utilization of power and savagery. Connie likewise perceives the move and she feels genuine frenzy and dread. Arnold makes it understood to her when he says, â€Å"the place where you originated from ain’t there any more, and where you had at the top of the priority list to go is dropped out.† obviously, Connie could have called her folks or the police and it could have startled Arnold off and leave her. All things considered, she is inside the house while he is bolted outside. He can't go in and it would have required some investment to break the entryway, long enough for Connie to decide. However, similar to the demon, he plays with her shortcoming, disarray and dread right now. Arnold controls himself, realizing that it would work better if Connie comes out of her own will. He keeps on tempting her with guarantees of a pleasurable encounter. He vows to bring her â€Å"to a pleasant field, out in the nation here† where Arnold will â€Å"have (his) arms tight around (her).† He attempts to persuade her that she is superior to any of her relatives and no one but he can get her and her needs best. Towards the finish of the story, Arnold continues urging until Connie feels she isn't herself any longer. The creator portrays it as a chant. She is baited and spellbound by his words. She has become a spectator watching herself â€Å"put out her hand against the screen†¦push the entryway gradually open†¦moving out into the daylight where Arnold Fiend waited.† She has surrendered herself to the demon. She has gone wrong. She will never be the equivalent again. Utilizing expressive components related with the legendary animal called the villain ends up being a compelling method in building up the story since it includes that additional component of frightfulness in the perusing. The peruser partner what's going on in the story with the additional symbolisms and it increases the tension and expectation of the clearly terrible closure of the female character. The consummation isn't just about Connie surrendering herself to Arnold. It is likewise about how underhandedness has enticed guiltlessness, prevails upon her, and leads her to a horrible end. Work Cited Oates, Joyce Carol. Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?

Learn About Education and Schools in Virginia

Find out About Education and Schools in Virginia With regards to training and schools, all states are not made equivalent. States and nearby governments have practically the entirety of the force with regards to administering instruction and schools.â Because of this, you will discover key contrasts in training related approach over every one of the fifty states and the District of Columbia. You will keep on finding unmistakable contrasts even between neighboring regions because of nearby control. Exceptionally discussed instructive themes, for example, the Common Core State Standards, educator assessments, school decision, sanction schools, and instructor residency are dealt with diversely by pretty much every state.â These and other key instructive issues ordinarily fall along controlling ideological group lines. This guarantees an understudy in one state will probably be accepting an alternate variety of training than their companions in neighboring states. These distinctions make it essentially difficult to precisely analyze the nature of educationâ one state is giving contrasted with another. You should use a few regular information focuses to make associations and make inferences about the nature of training a specific state is giving. This profile centers around instruction and schools in Virginia.â Virginia Education and Schools Virginia Department of Education Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction: Dr. Steven R. Staples Locale/School Information Length of School Year: at least 180 school days or 540 (K) and 990 (1-12) school hours are required by Virginia state law. Number of Public School Districts: There are 130 government funded school areas in Virginia. Number of Public Schools: There are 2192 government funded schools in Virginia. **** Number of Students Served in Public Schools: There are 1,257,883 government funded school understudies in Virginia. **** Number of Teachers in Public Schools: There are 90,832 government funded teachers in Virginia.**** Number of Charter Schools: There are 4 contract schools in Virginia. Per Pupil Spending: Virginia burns through $10,413 per understudy in government funded training. **** Normal Class Size: The normal class size In Virginia is 13.8 understudies per 1 educator. **** % of Title I Schools: 26.8% of schools in Virginia are Title I Schools.**** % With Individualized Education Programs (IEP): 12.8% of understudies in Virginia are on IEPs. **** % in Limited-English Proficiency Programs: 7.2% of understudies in Virginia are in constrained English Proficient Programs.**** % of Student Eligible for Free/Reduced Lunches: 38.3% of understudies in Virginia schools are qualified for nothing/diminished lunches.**** Ethnic/Racial Student Breakdown**** White: 53.5% Dark: 23.7% Hispanic: 11.8% Asian: 6.0% Pacific Islander: 0.1% Native American/Alaskan Native: 0.3% School Assessment Data Graduation Rate: 81.2% of all understudies entering secondary school in Virginia graduate. ** Normal ACT/SAT score: Normal ACT Composite Score: 23.1*** Normal Combined SAT Score: 1533***** eighth grade NAEP evaluation scores:**** Math: 288 is the scaled score for eighth grade understudies in Virginia. The U.S. normal was 281. Perusing: 267 is the scaled score for eighth grade understudies in Virginia. The U.S. normal was 264. % of Students Who Attend College after High School: 63.8% of understudies in Virginia proceed to go to some degree of school. *** Tuition based schools Number of Private Schools: There are 638 tuition based schools in Virginia.* Number of Students Served in Private Schools: There are 113,620 tuition based school understudies in Virginia.* Self-teaching Number of Students Served Through Homeschooling: There were an expected 34,212 understudies that were self-taught in Virginia in 2015.# Educator Pay The normal educator pay for the province of Virginia was $49,869 in 2013.## Every individual locale in the province of Virginia arranges educator pay rates and builds up their own instructor compensation plan. Coming up next is a case of an instructor compensation plan for Virginia gave by the Richmond Public School *Data graciousness of Education Bug . **Data graciousness of ED.gov ***Data graciousness of PrepScholar. ****Data graciousness of the National Center for Education Statistics ******Data graciousness of The Commonwealth Foundation #Data graciousness of A2ZHomeschooling.com ##Average pay kindness of National Center of Education Statistics ###Disclaimer:Â The data gave on this page changes frequently.â It will be refreshed consistently as new data and information opens up.

Persuasive Essay On School Uniforms Example For Students

Powerful Essay On School Uniforms John Doe strolls into a high rise, sure and all around prepared wearing a tie, suit, and dress shoes. His certainty pushes him ahead, as he enters a lift going up to the 23rd floor. He moves toward his first prospective employee meeting since leaving Jesuit Prep: McAllen Law. This all around prepared man moved on from Jesuit prep, which had a clothing standard and hair limitations. This clothing standard and hair limitations developed youngsters into develop grown-ups over a multi year time span at Jesuit. The clothing standard and hair limitations assume an imperative job for our future as they construct class mix, increment our picture in the network, and dress the understudies for business, not play. Jesuit Prep needs to proceed with this essential clothing regulation and hair limitations for what's to come. Having a school brimming with understudies wearing a similar garments and haircuts helps fabricate a joining inside the class. Understudies that wear a wide range of styles of garments all meet up wearing comparable jeans, shirts, ties, and shoes. Through a clothing regulation and hair limitations, everybody is assisted with being made progressively agreeable by wearing comparative garments, in any case, individuals may feel estranged with less in vogue or cool garments. Hairdos help facilitate this incorporation too by giving every individual comparative styles causing everybody to feel more quiet. The general combination enables the understudies to understand that in spite of the fact that individuals may seem to be comparative, the possibility that everybody shows will be significantly unique. These various thoughts are available in everybody, and the clothing regulation and hair limitations help represent that since somebody appears to be identical, they don't think the equivalen t. At the point when the understudies land positions or discover professions in their future, it will be useful to realize that despite the fact that all their co-wor s appear to be comparative, they are in reality totally different. This way to deal with future employments and professions will give the understudies a preferred position in being receptive with individuals. The clothing standard and hair limitations will help Jesuit understudies by improving their picture they present to the outside network. A picture is a significant piece of any understudies life. How others see us will affect numerous future choices others make. By standing to a clothing regulation and hair limitations, our picture will go over to others as exceptionally spotless, sorted out, and mindful. Future colleagues and managers will consistently be all the more trusting with individuals who fit that picture. Inside everyones life, there is a period for entertainment only and a period for business. While a few people hold up until they are all around passed secondary school before they get ready for business, Jesuit is in the bleeding edge planning understudies now. This arrangement originates from the clothing standard and hair limitations which are authorized by Jesuit Prep. At the point when a formal attire are worn and hair is flawlessly brushed, an understudy wouldn't like to get messy, so they turn efficient in their way by learning and acting in a develop way. As should be obvious, the clothing standard and hair limitation of Jesuit are fundamental pieces of understudy advancement. Mix, picture, and dressing for progress are significant advantages of the clothing regulation and hair limitations. These advantages will be utilized into every understudy future to assist them with pushing ahead inside their own vocation and life.

Final Week and Summer Plan

Final Week and Summer Plan The final week is here and I have already taken one final of my hardest class, so I am kind of relieved even though I still have three finals coming. However, my attention is not finals anymore, because I have so many plans in  the following months and am so excited to enjoy this summer in the U.S. Two friends of mine are graduating this May, so I am going to attend their commencement. It is kind of sad to watch friends moving away, but I am definitely very happy for them for getting admitted by their dream master programs. One of them is going to North Carolina to study Statistics and the other one is going to Michigan to study Human Genetics. I have already secretly brought them graduation gifts, and I sincerely hope we can still see each other as often as possible and keep in contact. I am also planning to visit my BFF in Boston because we haven’t seen each other for a very, very long time. There I will spend my 21st birthday with her, and I am sure I will have a GREAT time because the location doesn’t matterâ€"I will be happy that I am with her. Starting from June to August, I will stay on campus and take two summer courses. It is true that the tuition is high, but it is definitely worth it because I can get more things done during the summer and take more advanced courses in the fall. The school offers a lot of summer courses, and we can even take some required courses onlineâ€"yes, we can now take those important courses at home! I know quite a lot of people take online courses to fulfill General Education requirements, because those courses can let them learn something without feeling a lot of pressure when they are at home and enjoying summer break. During the summer, the course materials are compressed, but we actually get more time to focus on limited subjects. Also, I have many friends who  are taking summer courses as well, so I won’t be lonely. It is true that there will be fewer buses, fewer restaurants, and fewer people during the summer, which may make people bored. However, we can better enjoy the empty libraries and gym and have a lot of fun by attending different activities. My friends have a  ritual of  organizing a barbeque on Independence Day, and this year I can finally participate! Yeah! I hope everyone has a hardworking but successful final week and a FANTASTIC summer! Connie Class of 2018 I am double majoring in Computer Engineering in the College of Engineering and Statistics in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. My hometown is a historical and peaceful city called Suzhou, located in southeastern China.

Marriage as an Economic Enterprise in “The Taming of the Shrew” - 1375 Words

Marriage as an Economic Enterprise in â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Tutor: Course: Date: Marriage as an Economic Enterprise in â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† is a play by William Shakespeare which reflects the theme of marriage from two points of view. One outlines marriage as a platform for economic gains compared to the other facet of marriage being a romantic enterprise. It involves a tradesman known as Baptista who has two daughters, Katherine the elder and Bianca the younger. The merchant is happy when he gets to know that Bianca has already found a suitor but there is a limitation to her wedding. This is because she cannot get married before Katherine. Lucentio, a newcomer in Padua woos Bianca since he has already fallen in love with her. However, their father is zealous to see his daughter Katherine married because of her belligerent nature towards everyone around her. Across the development of the play, there is an antagonistic point of view on why people get married. There is a conflict in definition as to whether marriage is more of a gateway to an economic achievement and advantage rather t han a bonding resulting from love. Bianca’s marriage is comprised of love and affection they have for one another. On the contrary, that of Katherine and Petruchio is determined and approved after Petruchio confirms the property that Baptista will award his daughter. This essay, therefore, is going to elaborate how marriage is acknowledged as an opportunity for monetary gain and ignoring the romantic advantages attached to it. The father of the two girls portrays marriage as an economic enterprise due to the way he is concerned about the size of the dowry required. He is also interested in knowing what the wife will inherit from the husband in the incident of death. Baptista is eager to meet with beaus who are ready to offer the highest bride price in exchange for either of his daughters.This is aproof that he is selling his daughters off instead of supporting their marriage as an achievement in life. Hortensio, who is also in love with Bianca but gets unrequited love since she is not interested in him, gives up on her. This happens when he encounters a rich widow, and even decides to marry her, which at some point is a desperate move (Breuer and H 174). This shows how money is prioritized during marriage which makes it an economic establishment or a lucrative deal. . The marriage between Katherine and Petruchio shows how it is an economic enterprise. Kate has suitors who are ready to offer monetary gifts to her father for her hand in marriage but they fear to approach her. She has a bitter tongue, a rebellious attitude and a cruel way of addressing others which pushes away potential suitors such as Gremio and Hortensio. Her father feels the urge to sell her off to someone who is financially stable because of her annoying attitude. Meanwhile, Petruchio comes from Verona with the purpose of visiting his friend Hortensio. In the process he learns about Katherine and he feels that his wealth can give him happiness in Padua. He has the inherent feeling that he can get a wife who will be accompanied by a hefty dowry because his period to marry has matured but not due to any passionate attraction. Petruchio is not concerned about Katherine’s interest in marriage. He marries her because of her father’s wealth. This is reciprocated by how Ka te’s father is eager and willing to sell his daughters to the wealthiest aspirants. His agenda is to tame Katherine by ensuring that she follows all his instructions. He is aware that Baptista is demanding a lot of money as a dowry for Bianca. This makes him eager to know the amount of wealth that will be given to Katherine, the lady he intends to marry. This depicts how men approach and understand marriage from a business and unromantic point of view where women can be traded like goods. Baptista makes marriage arrangements with Petruchio and the dowry to be received without including Katherine as if the marriage was aimed at making profits by the two families (Duthie 340). In this context, Katherine suggests that marriage is an economic undertaking by teasing her sister to marry the wealthiest suitor. However, Bianca is not interested in any of the suitors. Katherine suggests to her that if she preferred a rich partner then she would be okay. She proposes that Gremio would make a good husband. Bianca is not comfortable with the idea because she wants someone who will love and appreciate her. The idea of determining a suitor by his riches is a sign that marriage is more of a business transaction than a union resulting from love and affection of two partners. (Kyung Ju Lo 798). The play addresses the social aspect of marriage but does not consider the contribution of those involved especially their feelings. It concentrates on how the courtship process is negotiated by the father of the future wife to be and the husband without involving her. This clearly shows that marriage is just a platform where a woman is exchanged with money. However, the union between Lucentio and Bianca depicts marriage as a result of two people who tie the knot because of the love they have for one another. Their love and affection exempts their marriage from that guided by monetary gains. For example; Lucentio unlike Hortensio, learns about Bianca deeply and loves her genuinely. He is not driven by the wealthy status of her father or the urge of exchanging money with a woman like a commodity. His good character and intentions help him win the heart of Bianca but he is granted permission to marry her after fully convincing her father that he is exceptionally rich. This gives Bianca a reason to run away with Lucentio and get married secretly. She does not consider her father’s opinion about who she should or should not marry. She feels that marriage is not only an act but a lifetime transformation. Nevertheless, Baptista’s decision on who should marry his daughter Bianca depends on the beau’s economic stability. He depends on the monetary assurance from Lucentio’s father that his financial value is worth Lucentio marrying Bianca. Baptista is interested in the affirmation that Lucentio will be able to take good care of her even after their marriage. It is therefore evident that if ...

The Woman Of A Nurse - 1740 Words

Marie* is a very â€Å"put-together† woman. She dresses as if she is attending church every day of the week, appears to be very grandmotherly and she looks impressively good for her age. The gender that she expresses is female. Her speaking level is intelligent, with an overall proper use of grammar, correct enunciation, and a variety of words of phrases. Her hearing is mostly all there, though she had a little trouble hearing some of my questions, and she responded in a fair amount of time when a question was asked. I would determine her functionality as plenty sufficient, although she does live with her son and his family, though I am unsure if that is because of convenience or because there are issues that I do not know of since none were discussed. She is widowed and is living in her home of several decades with her only son and his wife. The main themes of our conversation involved her childhood, family, and school. Marie was born at home at the hands of a midwife in June on a large farm, and was the sixth of seven children, including an older half brother. Her parents passed away when she was 11 years old; her mother to cancer, and her father was suspected to have a heart attack from missing her so intensely. Their house had four rooms, in addition to a pantry and cellar where they kept canned foods. Her family primarily produced apples and maple syrup to make their living, but also had cows, pigs, horses and a small garden, and she said that even though it was hard work,Show MoreRelatedThe Death Of A Baby875 Words   |  4 Pagesas a nurse came in. She was holding a sleek glass tablet and briskly walked up to the side of the mother. The nurse projected a hologram of numbers, graphs and tables with a triple tap on the glass. â€Å"The baby is in good condition: healthy heart rate, height at the seventy-fifth percentile, head circumference of 12 inches, Type O blood. 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The matriarchal female, Mildred Big Nurse Ratched, gains control over her realm in the mental hospital, but fails to fulfill her duties as a nurse of healing or helping her patients

Great Expectations Analyzed Through A Marxist Criticism

Marxism consists of the political and economic theories of Karl Marx, in which class struggle is a central element in the analysis of social change in Western societies. Marxism applies to the novel Great Expectations in many ways. Dickens uses Pip’s complex and altering relationships with Estella, Joe, and Magwitch to show the subjugation of the working-class from the privileged. Estella is raised in a prosperous household and is judgmental of Pip because he is from the working class. She insults his appearance when she says, But he is a common laboring boy. And look at his boots! (Dickens 45) because he is not of the upper class. She also criticizes the way he speaks when he calls one of the playing cards Jacks instead of Knaves†¦show more content†¦Pip’s relationship with Joe changes greatly through the novel. Pip loves Joe for the duration of the story, but his feelings for Joe change throughout Dickens’ interpretation of the social classes. Joe acts as a father figure for Pip at the beginning of Great Expectations, but transforms into a friend and equal when Pip discovers why Joe cannot read. When Pip becomes wealthy, his relationship with Joe becomes strained and awkward. This is Dickens’ way of exemplifying the differences between the social classes. Pip looks down on Joe and is embarrassed by his manners and inability to r ead. One of the ironies in the novel is that Pips financial augmentation and ascension in society, is complemented by moral deterioration. Dickens uses this to express his outlook on the upper-classes. I thought of Estella and how common she would consider Joe, a mere blacksmith (Dickens 55).† This shows how Pip is ashamed of his family and being â€Å"common,† while Joe remains a selfless and honest man throughout the entire story. Pip’s divergence with Joe in this sense is a mirror for Dickens’ beliefs about the differences between the lower and upper-classes. Dickens contrasts the traditional view of a gentleman as a man of moral integrity with his portrayal of a gentleman as a man of wealth, status, and leisure. When Pip leaves for London he recalls, â€Å"I told Joe I wished to walk away all alone (Dickens 123).† Pip didn’t want anybody to see that he had come fromShow MoreRelatedEssay on Like water for chocolate6961 Words   |  28 Pa gesThe realistic laws of cause and effect are suspended: whereas events in realistic novels occur for reasons that are eventually made clear and lead logically to the conclusion of the plot, in magical realism events don’t follow these â€Å"normal† expectations so we often see things happening without an explanation and or reasons we can’t or don’t expect—we are left to accept even the strange without surprise. In realistic novels, characters are given individualized names, personalities, and familyRead MoreHeart of Darkness in the Light of Psychoanalytic Theories.4599 Words   |  19 PagesPsychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic criticism originated in the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who pioneered the technique of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a language that described, a model that explained, and a theory that encompassed human psychology. His theories are directly and indirectly concerned with the nature of the unconscious mind. Through his multiple case studies, Freud managed to find convincing evidence that most of our actions are motivated by psychologicalRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness: Psychoanalytic Criticism4502 Words   |  19 PagesHeart of Darkness: Psychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic criticism originated in the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who pioneered the technique of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a language that described, a model that explained, and a theory that encompassed human psychology. His theories are directly and indirectly concerned with the nature of the unconscious mind. Through his multiple case studies, Freud managed to find convincing evidence that most of our actions are motivatedRead MoreLiterature Review on Consumer Behaviour16053 Words   |  65 Pagesconsumer, as a â€Å"black box† and thereby assume that consumer behaviour is a conditioned response to external events. The behavioural perspective therefore focuses on external environmental cues (such as advertising) that stimulate consumer response through learning. The strategic emphasis, of the behavioural modification theories, for example, are to devise a set of expanded behaviour modification techniques (e.g., respondent conditioning; operant conditioning; vicarious learning etc.) that can be usedRead MoreFamily Tree19118 Words   |  77 Pagesbehavior. 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Illustrate and explain how and when you became interested in the field: Applicants often include an anecdotal and personal example from their formative years that illustratesRead MoreThe Stakeholder Theory11680 Words   |  47 Pageslocations or skills, will, of course, receive rents, but the rewards of the marginal contributors will only be normal. A s a result of competition throughout the system, the bulk of the benefits will go to the customers. (There is, of course, a Marxist-capitalist version of this model in which both the customer and the investor arrows are reversed, and the object of the game is merely to produce benefits for the investors. This interpretation now seems to be confined almost exclusively to the fieldRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestraditions that contribute to our understanding of organizations. Professor Tomas Mà ¼llern, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden . McAuley, Duberley and Johnson’s Organizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. It combinesRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesto deny the African part of their heritage. And the truth is also that in Jamaica at that time the privileging of lighter-skinned people was standard practice. Rastas were confronting so many of these long-held notions and so were bound to face a great deal of resistance. What Edmonds manages to do here is offer us a way to appreciate the importance of Rastafarianism as a religious phenomenon that is consistent with much of what happens when religious groups and movements grow and develop. IndeedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined the contours of the twentieth century in myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes that were clearly major departures from those that defined the nineteenth-century

The Bottlenecks in the Laundering Process and Application of Coursework

Essays on The Bottlenecks in the Laundering Process and Application of Goldratt's Theory of Constraints to the Laundering Process Coursework The paper â€Å"The Bottlenecks in the Laundering Process and Application of Goldratt’s Theory of Constraints to the Laundering Process" is an impressive example of coursework on technology. A system has a number of processes constituting its operation. It can not operate when one of the processes has failed.   The bottleneck is known as a failure of one or a number of processes within a system. The process is compared to the ease of flow of water from a bottle. A bottle easily permits water to flow out when the width of the neck is wide but retains water when the width is narrow. This unit examines the bottlenecks in the laundering process and applies ‘Goldratt’s theory of constraints’ to overcome the bottlenecks constraints from the process.The Bottlenecks in the Laundering ProcessThe key bottleneck in the laundering process is the laundering process.   The process is a difficult task, which individuals are forced to execute. The process is time-cons uming as one has to be careful when laundering to preserve the clothes. This is because it requires sorting clothes to avoid staining clothes with colorful ones. Secondly, the practice of ironing is time consuming, difficult and a dangerous process (McCarthy Rich, 2004).   Individual ironing clothes have to be cautious to avoid smoldering them. It uses heat, and this has proven to be dangerous particularly to an individual who is not experienced in the process. Lastly, the temperature of the water plays a decisive role in the laundering procedure.   Hot water is used for laundering some clothes for others than cold water. A mistake made in the incorrect use of water temperature in the laundering procedure halts the process. Coldwater should be used for launder fragile clothes, while, hot water used for washing durable clothes.Application of ‘Goldratt’s Theory of Constraints’ to the Laundering ProcessGoldratt’s theory of constraints refers to ways of i nventing solutions to the constraints that are affecting a system's operation. The theory can be categorized to help an individual overcome the various bottlenecks that are met in the processes within a system like the laundering process (Klapholz Klarman, 2009). The steps include; finding the causes of the constraint, looking for the strengths, coordinating the processes within the system to support it, and finding ways of doing away with the constraint.1. The bottleneck to the process of laundering is the temperature of water used in the laundering of clothes, and the need to put on clean clothes.2. The strength of the laundering process is the availability of a washing machine.   The machine eases the process of washing when correctly used. It is also efficient and reliable washing clothes using the machine.3. All the processes of the laundering process should be coordinated to lead to ease of the washing process. Procedures on the use of the machine should be correctly follow ed since machines are programmed and only coded languages are accepted.   Failure in any of the processes leads to failure of the whole process.4. This involves avoiding steps that lead to constraining in the laundering process like using durable types of clothes instead of the delicate ones.   Lastly, the alternative modes of dressing should be developed to lessen the rate of laundering clothes (McCarthy Rich, 2004).     ConclusionThe bottlenecks in the laundering process are steps that are stoppable. The steps of the laundering procedure should be accurately pursued. Goldratt’s theory of constraints helps in fastening the process of laundering. It lays the dos and does not’s when dealing with a system that is dependent on the steps of other processes.

Critique of A Biography of the Continent Africa by John...

A Critique Abstract nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Biography of the Continent Africa, written by John Reader is an extensive chronological and topical study of Africa. Support reveals the earliest corroboration of the existence of human antecedents was discovered in east Africa at locations scattered north and south of the equator. The discovery shows fossilized bones, stone tools, and the most significant of all, a trail of footprints in the preserved mud pan surface. The trail shows they walked across the pan more than three million years ago toward what is now called the Serengeti plains. â€Å"These human ancestors made their living from and among the animals with whom they shared the landscape. They were neither†¦show more content†¦Africa has had more of its land surface covered with tropical foliage for a greater extended period of time than any other site on earth. (Part 2) Reveals the study of fossilized artifacts of human development in Africa has been distinctive, incomplete and wide-ranging. It also tantalizes many science scholars. The vital stages are still a matter of conjecture. The text continues with the evidence, of the early history of Africa and human development. Fossils, genetics and linguistics relate convincingly to the supposition that every person alive today is descended from anatomically human nomads that existed only in Africa. (Part 3) A continuation of growth and civilization in Africa, from speech communication, population growth with early farming and food production too hunting, stone tools, domestic live stock and the discovery of iron smelting. (Part 4) Adds to the history of African civilizations, early trade with Roman and Egypt with the sub-Saharan region in the first century. Ethiopia was the first indigenous state of the sub-Saharan, and traded over the Red Sea. Aksum was the first prominent city-state. The traffic of gold began by Arabs on the East African coast set up a troublesome dynamic to the region. For most of the continent disease and sickness spreads quickly and has been a chief reason for the lack of major urbanization in Africa. In the early years, farming in Africa had a substantial demand; the labor burden was greater,Show MoreRelatedAmerican Sphinx : The Character Of Thomas Jefferson3030 Words   |  13 PagesAmerican Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson, a biography by Joseph Ellis, encompasses many aspects of one of the most controversial and unforgettable American Founding Fathers. Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence and a man of astonishing achievements, left behind a legacy of paradoxes and mysteries, which are thoroughly analyzed throughout the novel. Unlike some people, who are easily characterized and have definite opinions, Thomas Jefferson’s beliefs and intentionsRead MoreHistory5499 Words   |  22 Pagesnature, time, and perhaps even death. And yet even as Hughes showcases the power of the blues, he refuses to portray himself or his fellow blacks as simpleminded. His poem, ‘‘Minstrel Man,’’ challenges conceptions about black identity, reminding readers that the surface frivolity and lightheartedness associated with the minstrel tradition often masks deep personal pain and always obscures black performers’ humanity. In addition to showing the suffering that black performers endure, Hughes illuminatesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesSouthern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. 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But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by theRead MoreIslamic Way of warfare23558 Words   |  95 PagesDefence College of Bangladesh. Special thanks to the participants of A221 Seminar class, and Mr. Michael Hogg, for their valuable comments on the draft chapters, which gave an important understanding about what message the paper truly carried to the readers. Finally, thanks to all the student officers of CGSC ILE class 12-01, particularly staff group 11D, who took a keen interest in discussing the subject matter and provided their inspiration and important remarks. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Read MoreCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pageshomosexual relations is profoundly weakened thereby, whatever its other contributions. Feminist theory can no longer afford merely to voice a toleration of lesbianism as an alternative life-style, or make token allusion to lesbians. A feminist critique of compulsory heterosexual orientation for women is long overdue. In this exploratory paper, I shall try to show why. I will begin by way of examples, briefly discussing four books that have appeared in the last few years, written from differentRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesthe author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoningRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPublished: World’s best-selling author of textbooks in both management and organizational behavior. His books have sold more than 5 million copies and have been translated into 20 languages; editions have been adapted for Canada, Australia, South Africa, and India, such as these: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 11th ed. (Prentice Hall, 2012) Management, 11th ed. with Mary Coulter (Prentice Hall, 2012) Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 10th

Philips and Its Worldwide Share of Dry Shaving Free Essays

Q2: How can Philips increase the worldwide share of dry shaving? Focus on China The relative size of the Chinese market in relation to other developed markets is striking. With a penetration of only 11 % in the male shaving market, the opportunities are great since this market is treble to the second largest market, the US. Product innovation Philips is known for their technologically sophisticated products. We will write a custom essay sample on Philips and Its Worldwide Share of Dry Shaving or any similar topic only for you Order Now On order to gain market shares and increase the total market for dry shaving, the products must continue to improve through technological development. The customer must feel that performance/cost outperforms that of wet shaving in a higher degree than it is today. Targeting teens In some countries, law regulates the sale of razors to people under the age of 18. Perhaps there is a possibility to innovate in electronic shavers for the youth market. For example, Ergonomic handles and innovative attachments could give them the edge on helping the user to shape and style their facial hair into the most up-to-date beard fashion or providing better reach for girls shaving their legs, armpits or bikini-area. Targeting the female market 80 % of women prefer razors to other hair removing products. 46 percent of females are still estimated to use male razors in the common belief that they are more effective than female-dedicated razors. This could be an important segment for Philips to target with their lady shavers. When women eventually will switch to female products for shaving, there should be greater incentives to switch to dry shaving systems. How to cite Philips and Its Worldwide Share of Dry Shaving, Papers

Blood and Splendor The Lives of Five Tyrants, from Nero to Saddam Hussein free essay sample

A review of the book Blood and Splendor The Lives of Five Tyrants, from Nero to Saddam Hussein in which Daniel Myerson presents a collection of short biographies on five tyrants, Nero, Ivan the Terrible, Stalin, Hitler and Saddam Hussein. This paper discusses not only who the tyrants were and their terrible deeds, but what the driving force was behind their cruelty. The author shows the extravagance and complexity of their lives and how their political actions led to global consequences and terror. discusses plots, themes, characters and their importance. It discusses the central elements that drive the book, mystery, conflict, challenge. It also discusses what life lessons the author is trying to convey. Each of these men represents an age in history, beginning with the Roman days of Nero to the present day of Hussein. Under the first four reigns we know the consequences of the actions. In other words, we know how the story ends for Nero, Ivan, Stalin, and Hitler. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood and Splendor: The Lives of Five Tyrants, from Nero to Saddam Hussein or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page History has shown us how these madmen of politics destroyed lives and countries by persuading their countrymen to follow into their dark bloody hells (Myerson 2000). Husseins era is not over, and the ending is yet to be written. However, if we follow history, we might well be able to write his ending today. Unfortunately, through the biographies of each man, one sees all too well that madmen will always exist, and some will have that extra charisma that causes people to turn their heads the other way (Myerson 200).

Thoreaus Life without Principle Summary and Analysis

Introduction: the Main Themes of Life without Principle Life without Principle is one of the most remarkable short works by an American author and critic Henry David Thoreau. The essay was published in 1863, 15 years after the famous Civil Disobedience. In summary, Life without Principle and other Thoreau’s books influenced many people of different ages and social statuses. Political leaders found his works educative and used quotes from Life without Principle in their practice. Ordinary people, in their turn, found the message of the text very personal and compelling. That is why it was not a surprise that Thoreau’s essay was recognized as a work that offered a program to be taken by every righteous person. One can not reduce the summary of Life without Principle to one topic. It is rather a list of themes and thoughts illustrated by real-life examples. Through the latter, the character and personal experience of the writer are revealed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thoreau’s Life without Principle: Summary and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though it is hard to define one concrete thesis of Henry David Thoreau’s Life without Principle, the point that this thesis somehow connected to money and its power in the world is evident. â€Å"This world is a place of business† (Thoreau 4) is one of the leading phrases in Life without Principle that depicts a true nature of H.D.Thoreau’s ideas and attempts; this message of Life without Principle is considered to be the central fact that is proved throughout the whole text by means of examples, which fulfill our everyday life. In this essay, I make an analysis of Life without Principle. Main Message of Life without Principle Thoreau is the author who does not want to stop on one message and develop it during the whole paper. That is why what he chooses for his Life without Principles is compelli ng and captivating. He presents one major theme of Life without Principle, defining the world as the place of business and tries to prove the chosen position by a variety of examples. He argues about the values and goals of people, who are eager to develop commerce and support the ideas of globalization without taking into consideration the fact that people themselves become victims of personal desires. He raises one of the most provocative analyzation questions that influence our lives considerably and tries to conclude whether all those costs, both financial and spiritual, are worthy of the profits. The purpose of the essay is to show its reader the way of how money rules this world. From the very beginning, the author correctly defines his positions with respect to the reader and admits that he does not want to â€Å"talk about people a thousand miles off, but come as near home† as possible (Thoreau 2). Such concretization makes the reader believe that his purposes are pur e and definite. He writes to help, open the reader’s eyes, and show how wrong or useless human attempts can be. This is the major theme of Life without Principle. His purpose is to characterize the way how materialism and commercialism enslave American society, to show how the Good Life should look like, and to teach the reader to analyze personal attitude to lives, where money and prosperity may lose their powers and impact on people. He wants to show how elusive human demands can be, admitting that â€Å"the ways by which you may get the money almost without exception lead downward† (Henry David Thoreau, Life without Principle, 8). The target audience of the essay cannot be framed. One of the most peculiar features of Life without Principle is that there is no concretization concerning who is intended to be the reader of this essay.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn M ore It may be an unfortunate debtor who â€Å"goes to church to take account of stock† or men, who are â€Å"so well employed,† or a â€Å"gold-digger† with his passion for gambling, etc. (Thoreau 13, 10, 19). In other words, this essay may become somewhat helpful for those who somehow deal with money, and these are all people in the world. The author admits that people become dependent on money unintentionally. The writer â€Å"cannot easily buy a blank-book to write thoughts in† because everything is â€Å"ruled for dollars and cents† (Henry David Thoreau 4). Maybe, it is safe and more effective not to define the target audience at once and provide every reader with a chance to discover whether this source is exciting and helpful for him/her. The uniqueness of this essay is the author’s impartiality to the reader and unbelievable focus on the topic. The purpose of the essay is achieved through a close connection to the reader’s de mands. After reading this essay, a powerful desire to re-evaluate personal life and place in this world appears. In my opinion, this is the desired effect expected from the paper. When the reader accepts the author’s point of view and finds that these ideas are appropriate for this life, the primary purpose of any essay is achieved. In Life without Principle, Thoreau’s goal is to show how considerable and influential the power of money can be, and how people limit their opportunities. One debtor may read this essay and comprehends that his troubles and his challenges mean nothing in comparison to his spiritual life and his attitude to life. This is why it is possible to say that the author’s choice to use real-life examples and personal experience in this work is wholly justified. Even more, it becomes an effective means to achieve the essential purpose and convict the reader. The effectiveness of the essay lies deep into the author’s demands. I genuinely believe that one of the first steps that need to be taken by any author is to believe in personal ideas and thoughts. The chosen argument is perfectly argued because the author uses as many different things as possible to show when his ideas are likely to rely upon. He not only teaches the reader but also explains why these lessons are essential. His powerful examples that are so close to our everyday routines cannot but impress the reader. â€Å"If a man walk in the woods for love of them half of each day, he is in danger of being regarded as a loafer, but if he spends his whole day as a speculator, shearing off those woods and making earth bald before her time, he is esteemed an industrious and enterprising citizen.† (Thoreau 6). This citation would probably be the best summary of Life without Principle.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thoreau’s Life without Principle: Summary and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pag e Learn More Thoreau’s Life without Principle: Conclusion This paper aimed to make an analysis of Life without Principle by Henry David Thoreau. This is one of the great writings offered by the author. The essay reviews the main idea of Life without Principle. Quotes and excerpts from the text are used as illustrations.The messages of the work by Thoreau are touching and educative, helpful and frustrating, amazing, and sometimes evident. Due to such doubtful nature, many readers can find the book interesting under their demands. Everyone knows that he/she lives in a world that is too dependable on money because each citizen is a voluntary participant in this pursuit for profit. The effectiveness of the essay under discussion lies in its connection to everyday problems and human desires: people want to become smart and prudent in their activities, but their attention and passion make them so blind and stupid, and, what is more frustrating, dependent on their pro duct, money. Works Cited Thoreau, Henry, D. Life without Principle. 2010. Web. This essay on Thoreau’s Life without Principle was written and submitted by user Johanna Raymond to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Essay About Your Orientation Experience

Sample Essay About Your Orientation ExperienceWhile selecting an essay topic for your Orientation Experience, you may want to consider writing a sample essay on the topic of your orientation experience. Most seniors have their own experiences to relate to, which may be particularly pertinent to the topic you wish to address.The focus should be on the character of the Orientation event itself. This is not so much about the group you were a part of, but the events and people within the group that made the experience memorable. Consider your time spent as part of the group, such as the joy of learning a new language, or bonding with other groups.First, assess how the Big Picture View of your experience comes out. Focus on what occurred in the Orientation Event itself, and how it impacted your overall experience as a junior.Consider your Orientation Experience as being more than just the orientation and meetings. Think about how much socialization you took part in, and how it formed your personality. Try to look at the different events, particularly if they were held in an unfamiliar city or country.Organize a few times throughout the semester to think about the events that created this event. What are the best memories? What event are you most proud of, the most memorable event of the Orientation? Did it provide learning, or a chance to meet new people?If you feel that you're going to be a college-level course on the topic, what was the best part of the class? Were you able to meet many people, and how did that make your life? Remember that you're not here to recreate the Orientation event, but instead to add to it!What was the best staff meeting you attended? How did the staff interact with you? You may find a lesson to remember, or gain insights into how effective you can be as a staff member.After you've created your sample essay, read through it several times. Making notes on the big picture and how the events and participants impacted you. The importance of g etting the whole picture is vital, because it will make you a more rounded senior who can offer insightful opinions to a university, university admissions office, or family members.

Failing Mental Health Care System in Georgia essays

Failing Mental Health Care System in Georgia essays For every four Americans, one will have to face some sort of mental illness at least once, (Spencer A-8). In fact, more Americans suffer from schizophrenia than from HIV/AIDS. In Georgia alone, an estimated 623,000 individuals suffer with major depression, (Spencer A-8). Along with depression, 242,000 are afflicted with some form of bipolar disorder and around 93,000 with schizophrenia. This has then resulted in extreme overcrowding of local and state hospitals mental care units, (). Low funds, lack of qualified staff, and even civil rights violations have all plagued Georgias mental care facilities within the past few years. Georgias mental healthcare is in complete chaos, Its not just failing, its broken, (Spencer A-8). Despite the large numbers of mentally ill patients in Georgia, local and state elections rarely touch on the failing healthcare system geared towards mental health. Many believe that this issue fails to take prominence within elections based on the idea that very few individuals suffering from mental illness, who are the very individuals being failed by the Georgia healthcare system, do not actually financially contribute to political campaigns within the region, (Spencer A-8). This then creates a vicious cycle where would-be politicians and legislators fail to truly acknowledge the withering George system in place for its masses of mentally ill patients. Politicians are often discouraged in bringing light to the issue based on fear of loosing votes because of such massive spending on the mentally ill, (Spencer A-8). Over the past six years, this has resulted in scandals leading to 136 deaths within mental health care facilities. In 2008, this issue came to a complete head when federal authorities stepped in to further asses the situation currently going on in Georgias mental health care facilities. Federal regulators then deemed Georgias Regional Hos...

Quotes from Shakespeare Comedies

Quotes from Shakespeare Comedies There are so many great quotes from Shakespeare plays - and some of the best quotes from Shakespeare come from his collection of comedy plays. Indeed, many of today’s most popular phrases derive from Shakespeare comedy plays. Have you ever found yourself saying â€Å"I’ll not budge and inch† or â€Å"the World’s my oyster†? You may be surprised to know that these are all quotes from Shakespeare plays. The Comedies - Quotes from Shakespeare Plays Alls Well That Ends Well:No legacy is so rich as honesty.(Spoken by Mariana in Act 3 Scene 5)As You Like It:If thou rememberst not the slightest follyThat ever love did make thee run into,Thou hast not loved:Or if thou hast not sat as I do now,Wearying thy hearer in thy mistress praise,Thou hast not loved:Or if thou hast not broke from companyAbruptly, as my passion now makes me,Thou hast not loved.(Spoken by Silvius in Act 2 Scene 4)Comedy of Errors:We came into the world like brother and brother;And now lets go hand in hand, not one before another.(Spoken by Dromio Of Ephesus in Act 5 Scene 1)Cymbeline:Is there no way for men to be, but womenMust be half-workers?(Spoken by Posthumus Leonatus in Act 2 Scene 5)Love’s Labour’s Lost:How well hes read, to reason against reading!(Spoken by Ferdinand in Act 1 Scene 1)Measure for Measure:O! it is excellentTo have a giants strength, but it is tyrannousTo use it like a giant.(Spoken by Isabella in Act 2 Scene 2)The Merry Wives of Windsor:Why, then the worlds mine oyster.Which I with sword will open.(Spoken by Pistol in Act 2 Scene 2) The Merchant of Venice:I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands,organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions; fed with the samefood, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases,heald by the same means, warmd and coold by the same winterand summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? Ifyou tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die?And if you wrong us, do we not revenge? If we are like you in therest, we will resemble you in that.(Spoken by Shylock in Act 3 Scene 1)A Midsummer Nights Dream:Ay me! for aught that ever I could read,Could ever hear by tale or history,The course of true love never did run smooth.(Spoken by Lysander in Act 1 Scene 1)Much Ado About Nothing:Some, Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.(Spoken by Hero in Act 3 Scene 1)The Taming of the Shrew:I’ll not budge an inch.(Spoken by Sly in the Introduction)The Tempest:Where the bee sucks. there suck I:In a cowslips bell I lie;There I couch when o wls do cry.On the bats back I do flyAfter summer merrily.Merrily, merrily shall I live nowUnder the blossom that hangs on the bough..(Spoken by Ariel in Act 5 Scene 1) Twelfth Night:Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon em.(Spoken by Malvolio in Act 2 Scene 1)

Industry Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Industry Experience - Essay Example elopment of a management report because I have the background and knowledge in management to help a company formulate its overall strategies and goals. For example, I am aware that HRM (Human Resource Management) is one of the prime examples through which strategic management can influence what occurs within a company by a mixture of theory and pragmatic practice. It is seen by practitioners in the field as a more innovative view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its techniques force the managers of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity so that they can be understood and undertaken by the workforce, and to provide the resources needed for them to successfully accomplish their assignments. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. Many firms are realizing that a traditional functional organization is evermore unsuitable for the current environment in which they operate. The present time and environment demand firms to be more agile and adapt quickly to their surroundings. The best method here, firms have realized, is to develop easily deployable teams containing individuals that are fit for certain jobs and projects. The process by which a firm formulates and implements its strategy through the resources at its disposal. It can be mirrored with the actual definition of management as well in that it is devising goals and methods by which an organization is to be run, with a direction (Kono, 1996). Strategic management dwells upon where the firm currently stands, where it will be in three (short term), five (mid term) or ten (long term) years if no changes are made, whether this predicted position of the firm is acceptable, and if not, what changes will have to be made now in order to secure a position where it is envisioned to be in. Strategic management rises above the petty problems of day to day business processes to devise a direction

Total Quality Management at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Total Quality Management at Work - Essay Example On the way to achieving Business Excellence firms' attempt to attain competitive advantage (Porter 1980) and organizations adopt various techniques to realize efficiency and effectiveness. Industries struggle to gain this competitiveness through shorter production cycles, improved quality and by responding with speed and efficiency to meet customer requirements (Ahmed and Abdalla 2000a, 2000b). To reach excellence it is critical to develop internal quality consciousness and the ability to respond quickly as per schedules (Clausing 1994). Usually profits and returns are considered to be a measure of accomplishment, but, in its widest sense, quality is perceived as the vital element for both national and global success (Dale 1999, Feigenbaum 1999). A number of organizations also implement Total Quality Management (TQM) practices to guide them through to becoming competent and successful as TQM is a preventive approach and not a detective approach to work (Walton, 1986). According to Zairi and Youssef (1998) in the global context today competition cannot be met with cost efficiency alone. Quality plays an equally important role in assessing competitiveness. Quality is a function of TQM is but it is focused on quality improvement alone and in the broader sense does not cover the entire activities of the organization and therefore the Business Excellence has replaced both Quality and TQM as the final measure of performance that effects all stakeholders. (Dale, Zairi, Van der Weile and Williams 2000). Amaratunga and Baldry (2003) state that it is a process of ascertaining and assessing progress and achievement of pre-determined goals and includes information on the efficiency that has been shown in conversion of resources into goods and services. The quality of these outputs and outcomes has a great bearing on the organization's effectiveness and its objectives leading to Business Excellence. The real measure of Business Excellence or Performance according to Evans and Lindsay (1999) is found in five key categories; customer satisfaction; financial and market performance measure; human resource measure; supplier and partner performance; and company strategy measures. Each of these segments plays a vital role in determining the actual value of performance in the context of performance measurements. Benchmarking is essentially a cost reduction method (McDougall and Hinks 2000). Its exercise results in pre-determined and pre-arranged costs. Deviations are the measures that performance management seeks to locate and redress. Managers depend upon it for performance measurement in the TQM context (Camp 1989) and it is considered as the most powerful technique for gaining and maintaining competitive advantage (Codling 1992). Benchmarking has also been defined as the continuous, systematic process for evaluating the products, services and work processes of organisations for the purposes of organisations improvement (Sarkis 2001). Theories of TQM One of the earliest theorists on quality management, Edward Deming, is regarded as not only a pioneer of the quality movement but also a prolific thinker who has inspired and influenced other academicians and practitioners of quality management. According to Deming, quality is not just an external aspect of a product or service that can be measured or controlled. Instead, quality is inherent in the form of people's attitudes and knowledge

International market analysis for Natura cosmetics

International market analysis for Natura cosmetics Natura Cosmetics Company was founded in 1969 as a small laboratory and cosmetics shop in Sao Paulo, Brazil by Luis Seabra; and it is the industry leader in the cosmetics, fragrances and personal hygiene market. Natura Company offers a full range of products with solutions for consumers various needs, regardless of age. It includes products for the face and body, hair care and treatment products, make-up, fragrances, bath products, sun protection products, oral hygiene products and product lines for children. In 1974, the company decided to follow direct sales operation and the strategy allowed to continue expansion at low to moderate cost. Then it becomes the industry leader in direct sale, surpassing even the giant the Avon Company. In 1982, it started its internationalization process when it arrived in Chile. Six years later, it added the Bolivian market. In 1994, it decided to pursue a new international business and opened in Argentina market. Besides, at the beginning of the 1990 s, the company focused on their stakeholders relationship, defined its beliefs and values. Thus, a recent annual report indicates that the companys direct sales in the region will reach a turnover in the order of US$ 500 million in 2012à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In the report, it is analyzed and consulted for the Natura Cosmetics international development as well as the relationship strategy, international strategy, learning and innovation, and the companys portfolio of domestic, regional and international market. CASE ANALYSIS Natura You work as an analyst for a specialist consultancy and have been tasked with producing an assessment of certain aspects of the Natura organizations international development, as set out in the case study Natura Cosmetic. In your answer to the four tasks set out below you are required to: evaluate the information contained within the case study provided; and make reference to relevant theoretical concepts/models derived from the lecture programme and/or your reading of recommended academic texts. You must not try to access, or include in your assignment, information or analysis drawn from any other resources than those noted above. You are permitted, however, to visit the Natura Companys website (see case study) in order to familiarize yourself with the company, its operations and products. Task 1: In his analysis of companies, that are successful (internationally), Perlmutter identifies: Effectiveness of an organizations relationship strategy; and Learning innovation As two key factors. Using examples from the case study; assess to what extent Natura supports Perlmutters theory. - Firstly, Johnson and Scholes (1993:10) state that Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long term: ideally which matches its resources to the changing environment and in particular its market, customers or clients so as to meet stakeholder expectations. Stakeholder analysis aims to identify the stakeholders who are affected by the results of the companys project with the results success depending on the cooperation between the stakeholder and the project. It is important to identify all stakeholders for the purpose of identifying their success criteria and turning these into quality goals. It brings out the interests of the stakeholders and compares them to the purpose of the project. It relates each stakeholder to the project at hand, and points out potential conflicts to assign a level of risk or challenges to the projects success. It also helps identify existing relationships between stakeholders that can be influenced on build corporation and potential p artnerships to further champion the effort. And there are three types of stakeholders which available in Natura Cosmetic Co. Internal stakeholders: they include employees and managers. The company has employees and management team effectiveness with driving their company as a big family. The organizational culture of Natura is characterized by its openness, transparency and respect for its stakeholders. The managers always care how to make stakeholders interest and satisfy in order to make its operation effectiveness. Middle management is constantly challenged and empowered to assume new projects and loftier goals. Besides, their employees are important internal stakeholders of Southwest with high skills and experiences. They directly work with customers, so the company needs to motivate them. Moreover, the company usually has strategy for new talents who are developed in-house or hired from the outside, creating a diversified group of managers. Connected stakeholders: shareholders, customers, and suppliers. Shareholders are important because they are directly holding the share and they have voting right in businesss activities. They can buy their share or vote to change Naturas management if the company is not good in business, or bad treating them, and then it directs influence on their profits and interest in investment. In contrast, if the company is good performance, shareholders will get profitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ So, good relationship with shareholders is necessary for Natura to develop their business. Additionally, customers are the most important stakeholders because the company is not operating and survive without them. The company has various of customers as middle and upper class customer segments, both female and male, even childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, and they always make products to satisfy various of customers needs. In order to get profits, the company based on customers using services, so their services should be h igh quality to serve, to keep and attract customers. At the customers end, Naturas products are based on the well-being concept, which refers to the harmonious, pleasant relationship between oneself and ones body, combined with the concept of rewarding, empathetic relationships with others and with natureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Thus, the company believes this approach has contributed to strengthening relationships along the value chain. Moreover, in order to serve the customers needs, the company has sale force and consultant system. The relationships with the sales force are carefully maintained and the Naturas focus on sales allows consultants to place orders at any time and to place more than one order within the same sales cycleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Additionally, suppliers are one of connected stakeholder to help Natura doing business effectively. Operating in cosmetic market, Natura is required to produce the best quality of products as premium, high-margin cosmetics, personal care products, perfumes, creams or make upà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Thus, it needs to have the best quality of ingredients, raw materialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, so how to make close relationship with suppliers is important. Beside the self-produced material, the company has produced some products as soap bars, products containing aerosols which are outsourced to a third party. The company buys its raw materials from diverse suppliers, many of which have been partners with Natura for over 20 years. So good relationship with suppliers is essential for the company to operate and perform their business. External stakeholders: competitors (Avon, or other multinational companies), government or social community All the company must pay tax for government, so they are external stakeholder that the firm should have good relationship. Besides, competitors in the market are so important that the firm needs to focus on to compete in the market and to get strong position in the cosmetics market. Additionally, Natura produces cosmetics products that influence directly on the customers health, as results, the company needs focusing on the health community and build strong relationship with each other in order to get more successful in operation business. All of them are affected directly and indirectly to operations of the company, so focusing on them is very important for the company to achieve success in business because they have sufficient power to influence managements choice of strategy. In other side of Naturas operation business, they also focus on the key factor of learning and innovation. Learning is about work, work is about learning, and both are social. The social world is a rich resource, not a distraction (Brown Gray, 1995; Stamps, 1997; Wenger, 1996b). According to Lave Wenger (1991), it is believed that social practice is the primary, generative phenomenon, and learning is one of its characteristics. Thus learning should be analyzed as an integral part of the social practice in which it is occurring. Learning is not simply a transfer of knowledge, but a process of building understanding (Galagan, 1993). In the case of Natura, the company applies both learning and innovation for improving their products and their performance in business, competition in the cosmetic market and international market. It is innovated and developed the products in house on a continuous basis. The company has research and development centre in Brazil and abroad, it acquires pat ents and technology from universities and RD centre for innovating and improving their products. It also has the timeline for the creation and commercialization a new product ranges which is from six months to five years, and the timeline depends on the degree of innovation. Task 2: Using relevant theoretical models and with examples from the case study evaluate the companys internationalization strategy in the period 1982 2005. - Natura Cosmetics decides to go international market by undertaking field primary research, traveling abroad that leads to explore and understand different markets, trends and strategies internationally. Johanson Vahlne (1977) defined internationalization as a process in which the companies gradually increase their international involvement. They claimed that internationalization is the product of a series of incremental decisions. In other words, internationalization can be a process by which the companies both increase their awareness of the direct and indirect influences of international transactions on their future establish and conduct transactions with other countries (Beamish, 1990). Then an international strategy is a strategy through which the firm sells its goods or services outside its domestic market (Hill 378). One of the primary reasons for implementing an international strategy is that international markets yield potential new opportunities. Moreover, for international ization theories, it focuses on internationalization in networks, by which the company has different relationships not only with customers but also with other actions in the environments. According to Hollensen, S. (2007), there are some theories of internationalization as the traditional marketing approach, life cycle concept for international trade, the Uppsala internationalization model and the internationalization cost approach, dunnings electric approach, the network approach or the difference between cultural distance and psychic distanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Traditional marketing approach: It focuses on the companys core competences combined with opportunities in the foreign environment (Penrose, 1959; Prahalad and Hamel, 1990). It leads the company to possess a compensating advantage in order to overcome the cost of foreignness, and then identification of technological and marketing skills are the key elements in successful foreign entry (Kindleberger, 1969; Hymer, 1976). Life cycle concept of international trade: According to Vernons Product Cycle Hypothesis (1966), the companies go through an exporting phase before switching first to market seeking foreign direct investment (FDI), then to cost oriented FDI. The technology and marketing factors combine in order to explain standardization that drives location decisions. This hypothesis is that producers in advanced countries are closer to the markets than producers elsewhere; consequently the first production facilities for these products will be in the advanced countries. For the standardized products, the less developed countries may offer competitive advantages as production locations. The Uppsala internationalization model: Its model is developed by Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul (1975) and Johanson and Vahlne (1977). Based on this model, when the company faces with unknown markets, incomplete information, and being in a state of constant incertitude, the company develops in foreign markets by adopting a process which evolves by increments. The model suggests a sequential pattern of entry into successive foreign markets, coupled with progressive deepening of commitment to each market. According to this model, the company tends to intensify their commitment towards foreign markets as their experience grows, and psychic distance which attempts to conceptualize and measure the cultural distance between countries and markets (Hollensen, S. (2007)). The internationalization/transaction cost approach: Buckley and Casson (1976) expanded the choice to include licensing as a means of reaching customers abroad, in other words, licensing can reach customers abroad. However, in the perspective the multinational company would usually prefer to internalize transactions via direct equity investment rather than license its capability. The international involves two interdependent decisions as regarding location and mode of control and it is related to transaction cost theory. The internationalization and transaction cost (TC) perspective are both concerned with the minimization of TC and the conditions underlying market failure. Dunnings eclectic approach: Dunning (1988) discussed the importance of locational variables in foreign investment decisions. The eclectic means that a full explanation of the transnational activities of the companies needs to draw on several strands of economic theory. According to the model, the propensity of the company to engage itself in international production increases if three conditions if ownership advantages, locational advantages and internationalization advantages are being satisfied. The network approach: It means the international firm cannot be analyzed as an isolated actor; it has to be viewed in relation to other actors in the international environment. According to Johanson and Mattson, the relationships of the company within a domestic network can be used as connections to other networks in other countries. The different between cultural distance and psychic distance: According to Hollensen (2007), cultural distance refers to the macro cultural level of a country and is defined as the degree to which cultural values in one country are different from those in another country. And psychic distance is defined as the individual managers perception of the differences between the home and the foreign market and it is a highly subjective interpretation of reality. In the circumstance, Natura goes international through an agreement with an independent distributor in Chile in 1982. Based on traditional marketing approach, the company audits their resources which are core competence and provide distinctive competitive advantages. All the resources of Natura, such as: financial, RD skills, knowledge, experiences, sales and distribution channel or sale forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are valuable, hard to copy, exploited and they are sources of core competences and competitive advantages in foreign environment. Beside, marketing capability has its greatest impact on the innovative output for the firm that has a strong resources and competences. Natura has strong RD which means the company with a strong RD base is the ones with the most to gain from a strong marketing capability. Furthermore, the most important determinant of its performance is the interaction of marketing and RD capabilities. And RD is one of the best internal factors which bring opportunitie s for Natura to do business in new market. For example, the company acquires patents and technology from universities and research centers in Brazil and abroad, and then they focus particular research efforts on skin care products and on the sustainable use of ingredients from Brazils biodiversity, launching their product lines. Besides, the employees are responsible for the local operation that means Natura has also strong human resources. Moreover, in the 1990s, the political and macro economic changes in Brazil and other South and Central American countries; and other Latin American countries experience growth rates and try to develop their commercial tines with Brazil, as a result, Natura decides to expand their business internationally. Additionally, following mass advertising, it creates a rising uniform trend in beauty concepts and demands in the region which leads a cultural emphasis on beauty and a better understanding of how to use beauty products. Further, Natura identifi es the technology and marketing skills on foreign market, such as in Argentina, the company tries to avoid risk, looks the ways to decrease costs and put advertisements in the major magazines stating, and then they build the good relationship with social pact (suppliers, employees and customers)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Besides, Natura builds brand equity, quickly developing a sizable network of consultants, managing and promoting their productivity as well as mastering logistics and distribution. (CEO, Alessandro Carlucci, quoted in the Harvard Business School case study: Natura: Global Beaty Made in Brazil, Sept, 2006). According to Uppsala model, Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul (1975) distinguish between four different modes of entering an international market, where the stages represent higher degrees of international involvement or market commitment: No regular export activities: Export via independent representatives Establishment of a foreign sale subsidiary: Foreign production or manufacturing units: The enterprises passes from one stage to another as it progressively acquires international experience. The internationalization process evolves between the development and knowledge of foreign markets and the growing commitment of its resources in the market. The Uppsala model is supported by many studies which have shown both small and large enterprises passing through distinct and gradual stages during the development of their international affairs (Johanson and Vahlne, 1990; Oviatt and Phillips-McDougall, 1994). From the case, during 1970s and 1980s, the Brazilian cosmetics and toiletries market is relatively closed to imports, and competitors are mostly multinational companies who manufactured mass market products locally, but some US based companies face with the instable political and hyperinflation in Brazil. As a result, until the early 1990s, it facilitates the growth of companies as Natura that are developing high quality products for local customers. Through direct sales, franchises or retail channels, Natura is widely known brand in the home market and high reputation. However, the most relevant competitor in the direct sales segment of Natura is Avon, and the company also competes global consumer products giants as Unilever, or Johnson Johnsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The Brazilian cosmetics and toiletries market is one of the largest and most developed in Latin America, so the company faces with increasing competitive environment. That leads Natura to stimulate their capacity for developin g more technological advanced products and products tailored to the requirements of a broad range of consumers. They focus on their product development and marketing strategies as marketing and advertising campaigns, or sales channel, and then they also target products for target consumers. From 1982, Natura decides to expand their business internationally that starts in Chile, and expand more in other South, Central American countries, Latin American countries, such as: Mexico, Argentinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Natura uses direct selling and retail network or agents for distribute products in foreign markets. For example, in 2003, the company creates Naturas house concept that sale representatives could be in touch with the brand and could meet each other, exchange experiences, be trained through speeches and exhibitions, or test our productsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Besides, it is the place that can be seen as a middle ground between a pure direct selling model and a store chain. At the same time, the company has to introduce new marketing tools for developing their brand and rising consumers awareness. In French market, Natura opens a two storey flagship store in April 2005. The store is designed to be used as a place where Naturas beliefs and vision can be displayed. However, the stor e opens that means the company has to adopt a new sales model, and Paris store marked the first time that Natura devotes to the direct sale model, has opened a retail store. Thus, the Naturas expansion of international operation still deals with problems and it is difficult to control and manage their operations international markets. Task 3: Using relevant theory, argue the case either for or against Natura adopting a mode (or modes) of international market entry that differ(s) from the direct sales/distribution model employed. In international market entry, export is the most common mode which is typically used in initial entry and gradually evolves towards foreign based operations. It is organized in a variety of ways that depends on the number and type of intermediaries. In establishing export channels, the company has to decide that functions will be the responsibility of external agents and that will be handled by the company itself. (Hollensen, 2007). In the export mode, companies face two channel options as export directly to customers abroad or export indirectly with the help of an intermediary (Peng and York, 2001). As the direct mode is the most common path to companies internationalization and well-addressed in the extant literature, that focus on indirect means to internationalize. Indirect paths to internationalization are those whereby small firms are involved in exporting, sourcing or distribution agreements with intermediary companies who manage, on their behalf, the transaction, sale or ser vice with overseas companies (Fletcher, 2004). And cooperative export involves collaborative agreements with other companies that concerning the performance of exporting functions. In the case of Natura, the company bases on sale representative and uses 26 different delivery companies as well as the Brazilian postal services to transport products to it representatives. The company is through a nationwide network of 483,000 active sales representatives in Brazil and 36,000 agents in other countries. The agent represents an exporting company and sells to wholesalers and retailers in the importing country. Direct selling is defined as the sale of a consumer product or service, person-to-person, away from a fixed retail location, marketed through independent sales representatives. The sale representatives are also referred to as consultants, distributors or other titles. Naturas sale representatives are well trained, autonomous female salespersons with a no exclusivity contract, and the company has relationship with sales forces that mainly comprises middle class housewives selling to their friends, independent professionals, secretaries and staff personnel at all kinds of companies leveraging their in company contacts and maids selling to colleagues or employers. Natura concentrates on sales and sales force that allows consultants to place orders at any time and to place more than one order within the same sales cycle, with the company adapting its logistics and distribution arrangements and costs to meet requirement. (Natura Cosmetics). Natura uses agents and sale representatives in international market which cover rare geographic areas and have subagents assisting them. And its model is familiar with the local market, customs and conventions then have existing business contacts and employ foreign national. Additionally, the company uses agents that have a direct incentive to sell through wither commission or product margin, however, since the remuneration is tied to sales, it leads to reluctant to devote much time and effort towards developing a market for a new products. Moreover, the company can be lack of control and manage the market f eedback and their operation, if the agent is performing well and develops the market it risks being replaced by a subsidiary of the principal. (Hollensen, 2007) Thus, in the long term strategy, the company needs to consider any new entry mode decision. For more expansion in foreign market, Natura needs to focus on foreign sales, branch/sales and production subsidiary mode. Although its subsidiary mode is high initial capital for investment, high risk and also taxation problem, it is suitable for the company to full control and manages of their operation and reduces the transport costs. It means that the company will often keep a central marketing function at their home base, but sometimes a local marketing function can be included in the sale subsidiary. When the activities of sales are performed, all foreign orders are channeled through the subsidiary that than sells to their buyers at normal wholesale or retail prices (Hollensen, 2007). Other reason for Natura chooses sale subsidiary is that the company may take advantage of tax in the foreign market where income tax is low. In addition, this mode eliminates the possibility that a nationa l partner gets a free ride, and acquires market knowledge directly as sales subsidiary. And sale subsidiary is the possibility of transferring greater autonomy and responsibility to these submits that is being close to customers. It is also accessed to raw materials and labor as production subsidiary, elimination of duties as production subsidiary and market access as sale subsidiary. Task 4: Naturas production facilities are located in Brazil. Assess whether this decision is correct in terms of strategy and logistic distribution given the companys portfolio of domestic, regional and international markets. Naturas production facilities are located in Brazil that is correct decision in terms of strategy and logistic distribution for the companys portfolio of domestic, regional and international market. Based on 12C framework, it is used to identify and evaluate the key strategic challenges that Natura can be faced in foreign market for cosmetic products. The 12C framework includes the issues of culture/consumer behavior, channels, commitment, currency, communication, capacity to pay, caveats, contractual obligations, consumption, choices, concentration and country. The 12C is a tool which is used to identify the constraints when the company enters a new international markets. Each C will individually be used to evaluate the companys strategies. Then it is the way for Natura find out opportunities and challenges for their decision in term of strategy, logistic and distribution in expanding internationally. In the case of Natura, it is considered the C of country, cultural, commitment an d communication. Firstly, the companys home base is Brazil which is the largest market in Latin America and the worlds fifth most popular country. Beside, the GDP of Brazil is the worlds tenth-largest economy. So it is an increasingly attractive market for all business and one of the worlds fastest growing economies. And Brazil has also abundant natural resources with 4.6 million hectares of planted forest mainly located in the South. In the case of Natura, it is good for the company production facilities located in Brazil and their raw materials. The companys main operations are concentrated in an integrated production, logistics and RD centre situated on the outskirts of Sao Paulo where units for cosmetics, shampoos, consist of four production and fragrances, other facilities include a nursery, restaurant, shop and a sports compound. Besides, the manufacture of some products is outsourced to a third party. Additionally, the manufacture of Natura located in Brazil that has strong and widely network distribution in domestic and international. And the RD centre is one of the biggest and most advanced of its kind in Latin America, so it is easy for transportation to other neighbor countries. In other words, if the Natura builds manufacture in foreign countries as Argentina or Mexicoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, it will deals with the high costs and shipper problems at the present. Secondly, Natura considers to culture and consumer behavior. Brazil is South Americas most influential cultural and biggest democracies. The changes on political and macroeconomic in Brazil and other South and Central American countries leads to more understanding and emphasis on beauty and know how to use beauty products. . A large of the middle class population mainly involves in professions such as retailing, civil services and other skilled occupations. And Brazilian middle class has a predictable taste for beauty and other luxuries but when going shopping, they has more consciousness of status than middle class North Americans and Europeans with the concept to ordinarily serve others. Additionally, the economic policies as tax laws have been encouraged toward development of trade and investment. The export oriented industries will be exempted from non- tariff barriers with the purpose to add more incentives to exports, then the import duties have been condensed sharply. These are good things for Nature to export mode and production facilities location in the home base. Besides, some materials for production of Naturas products are outsourced, so imports of raw materials are exempted from usual tariffs. Lastly, for communication, it is important for Natura doing business and direct selling their products. At present, technology background is developing and is out-performed other South America and Latin American countries with the telecommunication policies. In Brazil, it is tenth in the number of broadband connection with the fifth largest mobile market in the world, and approximately 40% internet usage is for e-commerce which is expected to grow exponentially in the forthcoming years. Moreover, telephone is taken into account for the higher and the middle-income class. As a result, these are advantages for Natura to take order and selling their product effectively. However, in the future, the Natura can focus to their expansion and building manufacture in foreign countries as French because the decision to open in Paris was both rational and an emotional move. France has historically been a source of knowledge and raw material for our products as well as a source of inspiration (Natura Cosmetic) CONCLUSION The report has analyzed and assessed of certain aspects of the Natura Companys international development, its operations and products. Within the scope of this study, Natura Cosmetic has been a successful example of international market expansion and international development, it has become a leading cosmetics company in international market. However, the company is facing with seriously competitive in the cosmetics field market domestically and internationally. Further, the company should make improvements in its current product lines and the mode of international market entry and decision of strategies. It is necessary for Natura to improve its marketing strategy, advertising and promotion and distribution channels which enables the company to take the best advantage and opportunities of a sustainable competition.