Organizational Behavior and Management Essay

In viewing the Manager’s Hot Seat: Working in Teams: Cross-Functional, I was able to distinguish the difference between the words team and teamwork. Team refers to a small group of people with complementary skills, who work together to achieve a shared purpose and hold themselves mutually accountable for performance results ( Schermerhorm,2011). In this video, yes there was team that consisted of Rosa Denson, Cheng Jing, Simon Mahoney and Joe Tanney who plays the role of team leader for an assigned high priority project. Working in teams is essential in this age of rapidly changing technology, market-driven decision making, customer sophistication, and employee restlessness, as leaders and managers are faced with new challenges . Organizations must build new structures and master new skills in order to compete and survive. And in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness, a group effort is required as it reads in the article MindTools. In the video, the members work in the same organization but at different departmental levels with different knowledge and skills. How these people interact and relate to one another is a key factor in determining how successful the team will be at achieving its mission The group is made up of cross functional team members where there is input from people with a mixture of gender, race, age and ethnicity. It can be difficult managing a group like this because there are individual differences amongst each member. People vary among the layers of diversity: 1) personality, which is unique to every individual, 2) internal dimensions which is race and age, 3) external dimensions which includes religion and marital status and 4) organizational dimensions such as job title(McGraw Hill, 2007) These factors are likely to influence interpersonal relationships and the ability to work with others. Working together is part of many organizations that believe that by practicing teamwork skills can help produce better products and provide better services, faster and at a lower cost. However, there was no evidence of teamwork in this video. There was no defined process of people working together to accomplish a common goal, which is the definition of teamwork. Instead there was a group of knowledgeable people, who did not want responsibility and had no initiative for such project. In fact, Tuckman’s group development model should have been added to the agenda as a refresher course for all members. Schermerhorn defines Tuckman’s development model in stages. Stage 1 of the model is forming, and this was evident in the beginning of the meeting with the initial formation of the group discussing where tasks are understood by members and resources and information that delegated by the leader, in this case Joe. But it wasn’t long into the meeting where storming was evident. Individuals began to question and challenge the given task. Members disagree on the goal of the team and resist the given task. At this point personal to emotional excuses began to surface. I do not think I witnessed the rest of the stages, except the adjourning part. There was no norming stage where the team moves toward harmonious working practices where there is agreement. In fact, Joe the acting leader had to assign different tasks according to his perception of each one. And there was no performing stage displaying functional, interdependent roles that were focused on the performance of the group tasks among the members. In fact, group cohesiveness was not evident, with everyone having an agenda of their own, the interaction and motivation between them was very low. The cohesiveness that should have bonded the small group together and come up with solutions for the problem was not evident. The book states that in order for effective teams to thrive these factors need to be established and be in place: achieve and maintain high levels of task performance achieve and maintain high levels of member satisfaction and retain viability for the future (Schermerhorn, 2011) . With this said, the benefits of effective work teams within an organization are very considerable, and it takes a lot of hard work and dedication on the part of management and team members to develop, implement and maintain effective work teams. I believe that the team in the video is not team, but rather a group of people discussing an organizations’ project based on the fact that there was no commitment to the task at hand. Every member in an organization has a task to do. These roles are the expected behaviors for a given position in an organization. Sometimes roles can disrupt group progress and weaken its cohesion. For example, Rosa demonstrated role conflict when she involved her personal life with her job. She was a self-confessor, disclosing personal feelings and issues. Simon was the opinion giver, expressing his own personal opinions as to why such project has not worked before without offering solutions. Simon can also be labeled a blocker. Joe was the initiator or contributor to the team. He would propose new ideas of getting the project completed by finding solutions to the problems the rest of the team members would come up with. The creation of teams has become a key strategy in many organizations. Team building is an essential element in supporting and improving the effectiveness of small groups and task forces and must be a key part of a total program of organizational change.

Knowledge, skills and behaviours Essay

Many business use the CIPD Human resources profession map as it sets out what HR practitioners need to know, do and deliver at all stages of their career to be effective and successful. It sets a benchmark for HR excellence for the individual and the HR function. The map focuses on the knowledge, activities and behaviours by underpinning the skills required to develop products and services for the profession and the individuals, and it sets out how HR adds the greatest sustained value to the organisation now and in the future. It provides you with the support to accelerate your own career and professional development by offering an online self assessment tool called My HR Map. The map was devised from HR experts so it is a reliable source. The map is made up of different sections, firstly eight behaviours which are shown around the outside of the circle, these are; decisive thinker, skilled influencer, personally credible, collaborative, driven to deliver, courage to challenge, role model and curious. This section describes the behaviours and HR professional needs to carry out there activities. Each behaviour is described at four bands of professional competence. These four bands which go up the side of the map describes the four bands of professional competence and the transition challenges faced when moving from one band to the next, it is how their contribution and success is measured, band one being where you start at in a HR role and band four being a senior or management role. And then then there are ten professional areas inside the map which describes what activities you need to do and what you need to know for each area of the HR profession at four bands of professional competence. The ten professional areas are; organisation design, organisation development, resourcing and talent planning, learning and talent development, performance and reward, employee engagement, employee relations, service delivery and information, and the final two are professional areas which are recognised as the two core areas, these are insights, strategies and solutions, and leading HR. The two core professional areas of the map sit at the heart of the map and are applicable to all HR professionals regardless of their job role and stage of their career. Firstly looking at Insights, strategies and  solutions, this develops actionable insights and solutions, prioritised and tailored around a deep understanding of business, contextual and organisational understanding. The CIPD have produced tables for each of the professional areas describing the activities (what you need to do) and the knowledges (what you need to know) for each one putting them in relation with the bands. The four bands of professional competence define the contribution that professionals make at every stage of the HR career. Looking at the activities in insights, strategies and solutions a first example is building a picture. In band one the employee needs to Use management information and role experience to develop an understanding of what’s happening in the organisation and externally. Another example of an activity is Developing actionable insight, in band one the employee needs to Develop insights about potential opportunities or risks for the organisation from experience. From the same activity an example of a band two would be to work with colleagues and managers to develop shared insights and priorities and activities. Building capacity and capability is another activity and an example from a band one would be that the employee has to provide accurate and timely information, data and advice to managers and employees on organisations human resources policy and procedures and employment laws. Then moving on to knowledges so this is what the employees need to know. Firstly looking at business knowledge band one is to know the vision and purpose of the organisation and how this relates to your role. For contextual knowledge in band two the employee would need to know the sector context in which the organisation operates. In band one for organisational knowledge the employee needs to know the capability and skills that are needed within the organisation. And finally HR professional knowledge a band one professional would need to know how to effectively organise their own workload and priorities. Leading HR is the other core professional area and this area provides active, insight-led leadership owning, shaping and driving themselves, others and activity in the organisation. Although not everyone will have a role where they lead others, it is still important that they develop and grow in the other two dimensions. Looking at the activities for Professional leadership in band one the employee needs to seek feedback and coaching to continually learn and develop as a professional by using HR  processes as appropriate for own CPD (e.g. through my HR Map). Another activity is leading others, in band one the professional needs to focus on delivering flawless process and relevant, timely and accurate advice and data to support HR operations plan. Looking at leading issues an example of an activity is delivering value and performance in HR teams, and example of a band two professional would be to seek feedback from team to identify areas of concern around HR reward and recognition package and make suggestions for improvement where appropriate. Now looking at the knowledges of what the professional needs to know in leading HR the first example is leadership, they need to know the differences in how people work and interact, that is a band one professional. Another band one knowledge is Resource management, the employee needs to know personal skills profiles and strengths and gaps against role requirements. Performance management is another knowledge and for band two the professional needs to know methods for managing and evaluating team performance. Finally financial management, in band one the professional needs to know methods for collecting and analysing financial and non financial data.

Can Exercise Make Kids Smarter Essay Example for Free

Can Exercise Make Kids Smarter Essay I do feel exercise does and could make kids smarter. This article is mainly about scientist testing kids and animals to see how they react and their knowledge after exercising for certain amounts of time. In the article they prove scientifically that exercise has no real change on I. Q. and intelligence levels. Then they tested it and then made the pets and animals run some kind of test and instantly they scored went up just a little at least. Exercise I think just gets your mind working and thinking and that’s all that helps the scores. In my life I feel that when I get up a little early and do some quick activities my brain and mind are ready to think for the rest of the day. So I agree with the idea in this article. This article I think is truly about how exercise changes and helps the life of young people and animals. I feel exercise should be at least done every other day for at least 1 hour. Usually just getting up and exercising means you miss one game of x box or you miss one TV show, but in the big picture of life it is important to exercise. To the scientific part I think exercise gives you a mind set that your mind is fresh and clear and that’s why the scientific test don’t pick up a simple thing like that. Well I do feel exercise if nothing else sets your mind set and tells you you CAN do well on the test and comprehend a lot more that without exercise. This article helped me realize a lot about exercise and how sometimes scientific test are not as accurate as what they seem. Can Exercise Make Kids Smarter. (2017, Feb 21).

Primary Source analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Primary Source analysis - Essay Example Before our modern, liberating era, the world had no room for independent women. A little more than a century ago, women were property and were like slaves, being only allowed to do what their husbands demanded of them. They lived under the rule of their husbands and fathers, unable to escape from the shadows of men. The concept of an independent woman was nothing other than a myth, a dream that was more of a fantasy than anything conceivable. Though they were not allowed in schools, colleges, the majority of professions, or in any offices of government, Elizabeth Cady Stanton pointed out that these women were lacking something even more important, which was â€Å"no proper appreciation of themselves as factors in civilization.†1 Women were not only viewed as less than human, with men considered them to be lower than males, but it was a position that they allowed and accepted. When women today realize what they are capable of and allowed to engage in, it becomes almost baffling to remember that the majority of these options were not acceptable to women in a world that existed only a hundred years ago. Even in Stanton’s article, she acknowledges that a time would come when women can enjoy the rights of person and property. Yet despite this optimism, a stance that has proven itself real in our present day and age, Stanton still states that â€Å"the true woman is as yet a dream of the future†2. Since the post-Civil War era, women became increasingly more free. But is there still more for women to discover about themselves and their abilities? Stanton seemed to believe so. In Stanton’s words, â€Å"we have a government of the people, by the people, for the people [...] we soon shall have that important half, called women ...†3. Women of Stanton’s day and age did not have the freedom that we do now, yet even she was optimistic that one day women would be considered just as vital to society as men. Regardless of the life that Stanton herself led

Law Definitions Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Definitions Review - Essay Example The essay "Law Definitions Review" presents the review of such definitions as law, policies, guidelines, strategies, and tactics. For example, the law is a rule of conduct established and enforced by the authority, legislation, or custom of a given community, state or nation. And policies govern the way in which public and private resources, eg. land, labor, and capital are used, rather than the kind and quantities of resources used. Policies could be the plans and procedures adopted by the Government for achieving pre-determined objectives for the guidance of decision and actions. This could also be said to be a plan of action adopted by the Government which lays down the parameters of its functioning and the logical reasoning behind pursuing goals, objectives, and plans for the achievement of projects or executive function. Policies differ from laws in the scope of their operationality and adherence. While laws are enforceable mandatorily, policies may be devised and used on a situ ational basis, depending upon the exigencies of the circumstances and the need for enforcing policies. Common examples of policies are Children and family health policies which may, or may not be governed by laws, The policies relating to increasing taxes, taking action for reducing alcohol consumption among young people and rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims may all be governed by policy decisions taken by the government. Guidelines are documents produced by the regulatory agencies to accompany the regulations and acts.

Critical Analysis of Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt by Jean Kilbourne Article

Critical Analysis of Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt by Jean Kilbourne - Article Example Portraying women as seductive and helpless reaffirms the notion that men are superior to women in an already male-dominated culture. This does not help the cause of women fighting for equal rights, opportunities, wages and representation in the real world. Jean Kilbourne’s main hypothesis is that using women as objects of sex appeal in advertisements to promote consumer products objectifies them, shows them as commodities that are easily available, makes their position vulnerable and exposes them to aggression. She has used several examples of advertisements that expose women to near pornographic depiction and shows women as having little resistance towards male attraction. She claims that using woman’s body as an object to enhance sales of commodities like perfumes, some companies use women in erotic, fantasy settings which in reality have no bearing with the product they are endorsing. However, the advertisements leave images of nude women in the minds of customers who start to associate perfumes with these models and in a bid to be like them, buy more perfume. So what is meant to be a delicate olfactory experience is converted into a visual stimulant quite disassociated from the product. For an advertisement meant to promote a tender and light perfume, the use of nude women is quite unnecessary. According to Kilbourne, images of this kind use women’s bodies as objects of desire rather than the product. It is not surprising then, that women are used as symbols of sex which leads to crimes and harassment against women. These pictures are suggestive and when put up for public display may be taken literally, demeaning the image of women and create confusion in people’s minds about women’s right to say no to unwanted attention.  Ã‚  

Economic Impact of Festival in Qatar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economic Impact of Festival in Qatar - Essay Example From a general point of view any festival has following impacts on any country/city /society: Festival helps the country to boost its economy; Festival helps to foster community pride in a large way; Festivals help people to teach and at the same time learn new things from the visitors, and Festival often helps a country or any community to strengthen its relationship with the neighboring nations. (Grames & Vitcenda, 2012). In this paper the main objective is to analyze the economic status of Qatar from an overall perspective, measure how it able to grow in a span of last ten or so years and how various festivals of Qatar helps the country to boost its economy. The paper will also focus on government spending in various kinds of festivals in Qatar and whether those spending by the government able to yield good result in terms of stable economic relation with others, boosting the economy as a whole, developing the overall infrastructure of the country etc. Diversity in the festival is one of the main attractions of Qatar. Over the year Qatar is started to gain popularity among rest of the world due to its variety of international festival. Doha is the capital of Qatar and also the hub of every kind of economic, social and political activities. Doha is the main country which represents the cultural diversity of the country of Qatar in front of rest of the world. Doha is well recognized in every part of the globe for its food festival, film festival, ethnic cultural activity etc. Doha is one of the fastest growing cities in the world. The growth of the city is mainly due to high volume exports of oil, liquefied natural resources (mainly gas) and other petrochemicals. The city is very modern with high sky-scrapers and high standard of livings among the people of the city. The city is in the center of attraction by hosting the various international conference and local festivals.

Soviet American Relations 1929 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Soviet American Relations 1929 - Essay Example No incident in examining a history of relations between these two powers is independent of other events that occurred prior to or during any such dialogue. To understand the context in which it is written demands an understanding of the milieu of the era. In order to facilitate this, I will first examine briefly the period prior to the Litvinov/Stimson communications from both the American and the Soviet perspective. At the culmination of World War One the United States engulfed itself in what is frequently termed as "Isolationism". The term infers that foreign policy dictated that the United States not concern itself with outside influence and concentrate instead on building a solid national base. This idea of isolation although embraced by many simply was not the case, nor was it the United State's intention during the 1920's. After World War One many American's felt that, although the Allies were victorious, the reasons for American involvement in the war were politically motivated rather than in the United State's best interest. More so, the loss of life suffered during the war intensified this feeling. Although not implicitly stated, many, at the time, felt that the United State's involvement was, in effect, to help the British government save face and retain their position as a global power. Although the United States did in many respects remove itself from direct intervention in the world relations, it was far from isolating itself. Much focus was placed on internal strengthening and development within the country, but at the same time America was still a key figure in world diplomacy and politics. The greatest contention between the United States and the Soviet Union at this time was the fall of the Russian government and the establishment of a Marxist's doctrine in what became the Soviet Union. After World War One Germany and the Soviet Union were virtually 'social outcasts' within the world political scene. Dialogue between the Soviet Union and the United States at the conclusion of the war was further strained by the Soviet Union's realization that American prisoners of war held by the Soviet government could be used as bargaining leverage to gain the United States' legitimization of the new Soviet government. Having previously negotiated for exchange of prisoners w ith the Soviet Union, the United States was unwilling to relent to these pressures when the Soviet government withdrew from the agreement and steadfastly refused to acknowledge its world legitimacy. Instead, the United States turned to Britain and France to assist in the negotiation for release of all three countries prisoners of war. The United States although politically refusing to recognize the Soviet Union as a sovereign nation - did so after World War One as it built, developed and strengthened economic ties. The national agenda of the era was to fabricate a strong economic base within the United States, but foreign investment including investment in the Soviet Union was prevalent by American industry during this period. During such times, as steadfastly as the United States refused to acknowledge the new communistic creation of the Soviet Union,

Signs of armageddon in Islamic and Christian faith Research Paper

Signs of armageddon in Islamic and Christian faith - Research Paper Example two religions, but they both share a belief that Jesus will return and that the world will descend into chaos in order to prepare people for deep repentance. The revelation of St. John is the foundation of the belief in the apocalypse of the followers of Christ in Christianity. The revelation is specific in its mention of how the information is revealed to John, that signs from the Angel of God would be sent and that he must share the signs with the Churches of Asia. While seven churches are mentioned, this may be more a mystical reference than an actual number (Steiner, 2008, p. 242). The number seven is used repeatedly throughout the bible as a sacred number, found in Mark with the feeding of the masses where five loaves of bread and two fishes were used to feed thousands and in Acts where seven non-Jewish Christians are asked to serve (Mahan, 2001, p. 16). There are seven canonical sacraments; baptism, confirmation, Euchrist, penance, orders, matrimony and unction of the sick (Kamil, 2002, p. 219). As well there are seven deadly sins: pride, envy, sloth, gluttony, anger, lust, and vanity (Bromiley and Fahlbusch, 2008, p. 25). Seven is also a prominent number within the apocalypse. There are seven seals that, when opened, will move the world closer towards the apocalyptic ending. The first four seals reveal a horse and rider, the four becoming the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse; conquest, famine, war, and death. The fifth seal is the vision of the martyrs, with the sixth seal being opened to reveal an earthquake. The opening of the seventh seal will herald in the time of judgment which is the opening of the apocalypse (Bromiley and Fahlbusch, 2008, p. 26). The traditional use of the number seven continues the theme of the beginning of the apocalypse, suggestive of the hidden nature of the actual events that will transpire as it is shrouded in meaningful symbolism. The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse have been a powerful image to both believers and to

Ancient Hero Motifs In Thor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ancient Hero Motifs In Thor - Essay Example Though Robocop is a science fiction, it contains several characteristics of ancient hero motifs enough to place it under the category of ancient movies. Robocop movie contain elements of adventure, hero and others, as well as ending that compares and contrasts it with ancient hero motifs. Lieutenant Murphy is the hero in this movie, and in his role, he acts in a similar manner as the hero in ancient hero motifs. The lieutenant’s obligation is to keep the city safe by getting rid of criminals thereby enhancing the welfare of community members. To accomplish this role he has an inbuilt armor, which consists of guns, flying powers, master key unlock, and computer analysis systems to take commands (Goodman 5). Moreover, children look up to him as their hero who solves crime across the city. They believe that he is real. In a similar way, the hero in ancient stories had one priority, to ensure safety of every member of the community. The hero would have powers, weapons, or techniques to accomplish this task. In ancient movies, everyone in the society looked upon this hero to solve their issues and deliver them from evil opponents. The second factor that shows similarity between Robocop and ancient hero motifs is the opposition from enemies. In ancient stories, there is always an enemy or group of enemies opposing the hero of the story and his activities. In most cases, the enemy would be someone with bad intentions to destroy the community or misuse people in the community (Kerenyi 59). As a result, the enemy will try with all his might to destroy the hero, and at worst attempt to kill him so that the hero does not interfere with his evil activities. In a similar way, lieutenant, who is the hero of the story has enemies. In fact, his enemies are the people who turned him into half him and half machine. Though this company emerged as an organization aiming at rescuing people who have lost hope in life because no medical operation can

Listening Essay Example for Free

Listening Essay The skill of listening is a talent that many people disregard or take for granted. Not many people realize that the way to find the window into the soul of another is not through any of the other senses except the sense of hearing. By listening to another person and allowing that person to bare his or her soul, one can learn so much more about another and arrive at a better, deeper and more complete understanding of who the person really is. The intricacies of the soul are revealed when one actually listens to another. While all of the other senses have their own advantages, it is only the sense of hearing that allows a person to know how another person is feeling. It is the only sense that allows a person to find out what is happening in another part of the world. It can actually see farther than our eyes and allow us to know accurately what goes on in other places. All the senses of the human body are designed to do one thing, receive input that the brain will eventually process. The listening, as a manner of exercising the sense of hearing, is a manner by which a person is able to gain input with regard to his surroundings and more importantly other people. People communicate mainly through speech. While there are some traits, feelings, emotions and thoughts that can be conveyed through other means, the primary mode of communicating still remains to be through speech and the only way of understanding speech is by listening. Communication is the method by which people interact with others. It involves not only an exchange of ideas but also involves a certain degree of trust or confidence. That is the reason why listening is so relevant because it allows people to communicate with each other. Speaking is but one part of the communication process. The other part is listening. There is certainly no doubt that listening is a skill that many people are capable of doing but is sadly something that not everyone does. While most humans are equipped with the sense of hearing, there are still those who can hear but cannot listen. They may be able to hear every single word that has been said to them but they cannot always be considered as listening. The next question that must be asked is how one can actually listen or become a better listener. Listening is not simply nodding one’s head and hearing what another person is saying but requires that a person actually pay careful attention to the words of another. It requires that the listener to do more than just absorb whatever the speaker has to say but in certain instances requires that the listener react in such a way as to encourage the speaker to bring out more. Listening is a way of reassuring the speaker that there is somebody for him to talk to who listens to him. It is a way of communicating various feelings to another person without the use of words. In order to become a good listener or to develop one’s listening skills, it is not important that the person is genuinely interested in the other or what the other has to say since the purpose of communication and listening is indeed to come to a better understanding of another person. The thing that is required in order to develop good listening skills is in being able to know when to simply just â€Å"shut up and listen. There is a certain timing that is needed in listening because listening may often be confused with boredom or disinterest by certain people. One has to know when to simply just nod one’s head or smile instead of opening one’s mouth to say something. This is the most important step at becoming a good listener. It is hard to imagine a world where nobody actually listened or paid any attention to other people. It would probably be a sad world filled with the endless monologue from the unending conversations of people who have nobody to listen to them. The people of the world would arguably be much sadder too since there would be nobody to listen to their problems or help them vent their frustrations. It is not hard to see just how important the skill of listening is. It is also thankfully not hard to become a better listener. The next time somebody says something, try not to respond right away. Think, learn and feel first and by doing do listening to what the other has to say. If man had learned this skill earlier, think of all the wars and bloodshed that mankind could have avoided by simply listening to what the other had to say.

Defining Marketing Essay Example for Free

Defining Marketing Essay To answer the premise of the paper, ‘Defining Marketing’ a definition of marketing is a proper beginning for consideration. My personal definition of marketing is the concept or premise of a function in which products, goods or services are transferred to a consumer or client by a producer or seller. Other definitions exist to describe marketing aside from the prior definition. Marketing has been described as, â€Å"A management process identifying, anticipating and supplying client or consumer requirements with efficiency and profitability. (Tutor2U, 2010) In that same article marketing is described as â€Å"human activities that are directed at facilitating and consummating exchanges. † (Tutor2U, 2010) This last expression or definition rings true, in that as a consumer I want appeal, product or name recognition, quality, and value for my money. The sellers or producers are engaged in making a profit and ensuring a positive client experience and consumers or clients who want products that are within their budget, durable and meets the expectations of the transaction; thus a deal can be made between the two entities. In the course text, Basic Marketing, by Perrault, Cannon and McCarthy, the term marketing is further defined as â€Å"performing activities seeking to accomplish an organizations’ objectives through the anticipation of customer needs and directing the flow of need satisfying goods and services from producer to client or customer. †(Basic Marketing, page 6, 2009) Marketing is important for organizational success along with companies having flexibility, exuding a transparent organizational culture and challenging employees to excel and remaining accountable for their actions. Many companies and organizations struggle to find the right balance in management to ensure the company growth and achieve profitability. Marketing can plan an important role in companies excelling with their corporate goals. The use of marketing is how companies conceive and promote corporate brand management and strategic positioning; but it also works toward a corporate strategy and allows for companies to be innovative and thrive in their industries. A company with a marketing business plan considers the key stakeholders, communication channels, the business environment and, core corporate competencies. Using the company brand is a leverage to be used to its full potential. Marketing can assist in developing new consumer channels, products or services that can grow the company or organization and make a sustainable difference in industry trends. The marketing business strategy should include ideas on obtaining new clients, retaining current clients or customers, brand management and tactical to promote sales of the company’s products and services. As a business tool or foundation, marketing uses strategic tactics designed to identify the appropriate market and time for implementation and will impact the organization success of a company. Verizon Communications is a favorite in the telecommunication industry and one of the most powerful national companies in the specialty. Verizon uses new technology recently developed and follows through by introducing the advances to a competing industry. Through research and marketing, Verizon has found what telecommunication technology works and has become very proud of starting a major transformation in the wireless world. As an innovator, Verizon is a industry leader in providing information technology and advanced communications to customers. Through a partnership with major computer companies, Hewlett Packard and Dell Computers, Verizon can produce technological products that are of high quality. The use of these practices helps the Verizon organizational structure through strategic business goals including employee development, diversity awareness, and recruitment. (Verizon, 2010) Another company that has demonstrated consistently to employees and stakeholders, honest and fair business practices resulting in significant organizational success is Dole Food Company. The Dole name is one often associated with high quality and nutrition for fresh cut flowers, vegetables and, fruit. Dole also markets a line of packaged and frozen foods and serves as a leader in the industry for nutrition education and research. (Murdock, 2008) Dole Foods underwent a two-year research and redevelopment program for the Dole Fresh Vegetable product line. (Dole, 2008) Dole’s willingness to share knowledge publicly, invest in new technology, fight food born disease, are all public benefits derived from their ethical leadership. Dole’s financial stewardship and social responsibility underscores the fact that the company is both ethical and profitable. In business, there is more to being successful and achieving organizational success than having products or services at reasonable prices. Many companies underuse marketing as one of their business functions. Alternatively there are many companies that have been successful because of the effective use of strategic marketing such as Microsoft, Sony, American Express, Disney and Wal-Mart, just to name a few.

An Effect of Mood-induced Emotions on Forgetting

An Effect of Mood-induced Emotions on Forgetting An effect of mood-induced emotions on forgetting non-retrieved personal autobiographical memories Demet Ay Abstract Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) will be investigated with emotional material. Autobiographical memory as a material for presented paradigm gains importance in terms of its emotional component. There are controversial findings about effect of emotional valence on RIF effect between psychological disorder people and control group. While having inhibitory deficit disorder might be related to less RIF effect for negative stimulus, present study also aims to find positivity bias toward emotional component autobiographical memory. Keywords: Retrieval-induced forgetting, emotion, autobiographical memory An effect of mood-induced emotions on forgetting non-retrieved personal autobiographical memories Moods have an influence on several psychological construct like verbal task performance (Gray, 2001), false memories (Storbeck Clore, 2005). Another crucial thing that mood impact on is what we remember (Blix Brennen, 2012) and forget (Bauml Kuhbandner, 2007) from our past. Not only remembering events from one’s personal life but also the fact that which memories and in what ways are forgotten gain importance in recent years (Barnier, Hung, Conway, 2004). Forgetting specific events from our past can be either intentionally or unintentionally, as it names suggested directed forgetting and retrieval-induced forgetting, respectively (Barnier et al., 2004). Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) is firstly investigated by Anderson, Bjork, and Bjork (1994). They define the problem of forgetting not in terms of capacity or real forgetting problem but accessibility problem because of retrieving some of items more than the others. To test which items not to be retrieved, they use retrieval-induced paradigm in which is composed of three special phase. In the original version of paradigm, they use word and associative cues such as fruit, vegetables, or car brands. Participants are first exposed to word pairs with specific cue and then they are shown half of items from one of the presented cue and then tested to retrieve all items. Consistent finding for different material among several studies show that practicing particular item inhibits sharing cue item therefore it is less likely remembered than unpracticed category (Murayama, Miyatsu, Buchli, Storm, 2014, for review). RIF effect has been demonstrated for different materials such as lexical c ues (Bajo, Gomez-Ariza, Fernandez, Marful, 2006), pictures (Ford et al., 2004), videos (Miguelez Garcia-Bajos, 2007) and so forth. Effect of emotion on retrieval-induced forgetting has two main questions (Bauml, Pastà ¶tter, Hanslmayr, 2010). First is about current emotional state of participants. Retrieval practice of either positive or neutral emotion-induced participants tend to forget more non-practiced and shared cue items than negative mood induced participants (Bauml, Pastà ¶tter, Hanslmayr, 2010; Bauml and Kuhbandner, 2007). Bauml and Kuhbandner (2007) find empirical evidence for negative state effect in which exposing negative mood during retrieval practice results in lacking of inhibition. Therefore, they remember more non-practice material from practiced category. Neither emotional material nor autobiographical memory gain rather little attendance but Barnier and his colleagues (2004) are firstly attempted to use one’s personal memory as a material for RIF paradigm recently. However, there are controversial findings about an effect of mood on unintentional forgetting resulting from retrieval practice. For example, Barnier and his colleagues (2004) find that participants tend only to forget neutral stimulus, words, rather than emotional positive and negative one when they manipulate participants’ reported autobiographical memory as positive, neutral, and negative. In other words, retrieval-induced forgetting effect occurs only for neutral stimulus. Another consistent finding about remembering or forgetting emotional stimuli and investigating intensity of each stimuli show similar results with above mentioned experiment (Kuhbandner, Bauml, Stiedl, 2009). However, Harris, Sharman, Barnier, and Moulds (2010) find positivity bias tow ard emotional material of autobiographical memory with dysphoric patients. Hauer and Wessel (2006) also find consistently positivity bias in which means remembering more positive memory than negative memory with an addition of classic RIF effect in their first experiment. Since RIF effect is considered as resulting from inhibition (see Storm Levy, 2012, for review), examining the effect for people who have mood-induced disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, Amir, Badour, Freese, 2009) and major depression (Groome Sterkaj, 2010) is crucial to investigate effect of mood on RIF effect. Amir and his colleagues (2009) implement the paradigm to PTSD group and either non-trauma exposed group or trauma exposed group. They find the difference between both of control groups and PTSD group in a way that PTSD patients cannot have an ability to inhibit irrelevant material so they do not demonstrate RIF effect. In line with this background, elicited autobiographical memories by participants with regard to each emotion-induced words getting from PANAS (Watson, Clark, Tellegen, 1988) will be used as manipulation across participants and it will hypothesized that memories included negativity will be more impacted from RIF effect based on Harris and colleagues (2010) and Wessel and Hauer (2006) findings. Dependent variable of presented study will be the fact that which material will be remembered and which of them will not be retrieved. Further analysis will be made in terms of emotional ingredients of each emotion. Since population attending this experiment does not have any mood-related disorder, lack of inhibition for positivity will be less expected. Method Participants Participants will be recruited from Yeditepe University psychology undergraduate students by the flyer. Mean age of them will be most probably in between nineteen and twenty-two. Each participants report their past history about the fact that whether they experience mood-related disorder in any part of their life. No one reports such experience. And none of the participants have taken memory course since then. Informed consent will be taken from them and they will be debriefed about an aim of the experiment at the end. Materials Modified version of retrieval-induced paradigm which is investigated by Anderson and his colleagues (1994) will be used in this experiment. Modification was made by Barnier and his colleagues (2004) in order to make it applicable to autobiographical memory. In terms of this procedure, participants’ own past memory that is elicited by them will be used as material. They are willing to report memory in terms of emotional words not just like happy or sad but further higher-order emotions like shame and guilty. Since there are extreme controversies about theory of emotion (Ortony Turner, 1990), affective statements in positive and negative affect scale (PANAS, Watson et al., 1988) in the context of Turkish statements (Genà §Ãƒ ¶z, 2000) will be used as category-cue. Turkish version of scale is consisted of twenty affective statement, ten is closed to positive remaining is closed to negative emotional statements, and each participants will be required to elicit a memory for each emotion-included words. These memories will be used as a material for retrieval-induced paradigm. For control condition, each participant will also elicit two memories in terms of give no valence random word. Since I have enough number of participants, differences between these random words will not be a problem. Procedure Experiment will consist of four distinct phase based on Barnier and his colleagues (2004) experiment in which firstly investigate autobiographical memory in the RIF paradigm. Elicitation phase will involve that memories will be recorded for each participants orally by using audio recorder. Participants will be required to answer five wh- questions specifically. These recording will be transferred into written type by blind people. Rest of the experiment will be conducted a week after from elicitation phase. Deception will take place by saying the fact that an aim of the experiment is to investigate emotional valence of past memories of university students. Learning phase of the experiment will take place individually. Each participant will be shown their own memories elicited a week ago. During retrieval practice phase participants will be half of either exposed to closed-to-positive valence word’s memory or vice versa randomly. Name of each variable will be used as Anderson a nd his colleagues (1994) used. At the final phase of the classic retrieval-induced paradigm, each participant will be asked to retrieve all memories. At the end, emotional intensity of each category cue and elicited memories will be collected by 5 type likert scale. Expected results In the first place, relative emotional intensity among each triggered words will be rated to participants by five likert-type scale by attributing 1 to extremely negative valence and 5 to extremely positive valence after experimental paradigm will be done. Furthermore, relative emotional intensity of each autobiographical memory will also be rated by participants. Results will be expected in a way that hypothesis is constructed. Series of one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used to test hypothesis. To begin with, randomly assigned elicited memories in terms of category cue will be manipulated. Each cue will be analyzed within themselves. Finally, closed-to-positive and closed-to-negative memories (10 for each) will be compared to each other. Positivity bias will also be expected consistent with Hauer and Wessel (2006) finding. Discussion Retrieval-induced forgetting can be said that it has functional importance in terms of different situations such as psychological disorders (Amir et al., 2009). They found lack of inhibition for negative emotional material in PTSD patients. This finding suggests that if neurological basis of RIF can be reliably investigated then PTSD can be figured out by this method. Present study also aims to find specific effect of emotional autobiographical memory on inhibition in which is regarded most probably as reason for RIF (Storm Levy, 2012). Investigating an effect of emotion on any construct is one of the hardest but crucial questions. Result of this experiment will give rise to further questions into the field in a way that how each specific emotion-included material affects unintentional forgetting for people. Neurological basis of the RIF as a phenomenon is recently investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI, Kuhl, Dudukovich, Kahn, Wagner, 2007), and electrophysiological methods (Hellerstedt Johansson, 2014). According to Johansson and his colleagues (2007), ERP studies should shed light first possible correlates of ERP with regard to RIF, and inhibitory mechanisms with regard to individual differences on RIF scores. Further studies about neurological basis of RIF should be accounted for possible specific location activation during retrieval practice in terms of emotional content of the material. I expect special amygdala activation during retrieval practice when negative-correlated stimulus is presented. Reference List Amir, N., Badour, C. L., Freese, B. (2009). The effect of retrieval on recall of information in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder.Journal of anxiety disorders,23(4), 535-540. Anderson, M. C., Bjork, R. A., Bjork, E. L. (1994). Remembering can cause forgetting: retrieval dynamics in long-term memory.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,20(5), 1063. Bajo, M. T., Gà ³mez-Ariza, C. J., Fernandez, A., Marful, A. (2006). Retrieval-induced forgetting in perceptually driven memory tests. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32(5), 1185. Barnier, A., Hung, L., Conway, M. (2004). Retrievalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ induced forgetting of emotional and unemotional autobiographical memories.Cognition and Emotion,18(4), 457-477. Bà ¤uml, K. H., Kuhbandner, C. (2007). Remembering can cause forgetting—but not in negative moods.Psychological Science,18(2), 111-115. Bà ¤uml, K. H., Pastà ¶tter, B., Hanslmayr, S. (2010). Binding and inhibition in episodic memory—Cognitive, emotional, and neural processes. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(7), 1047-1054. Blix, I., Brennen, T. (2012). Retrieval-induced forgetting after trauma: A study with victims of sexual assault.Cognition emotion,26(2), 321-331. Ford, R. M., Keating, S., Patel, R. (2004). Retrievalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ induced forgetting: A developmental study. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22(4), 585-603. Genà §Ãƒ ¶z, T. (2000). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: A study of validity and reliability. Tà ¼rk Psikoloji Dergisi. Gray, J. R. (2001). Emotional modulation of cognitive control: Approach–withdrawal states double-dissociate spatial from verbal two-back task performance.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,130(3), 436. Harris, C. B., Sharman, S. J., Barnier, A. J., Moulds, M. L. (2010). Mood and retrievalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ induced forgetting of positive and negative autobiographical memories.Applied Cognitive Psychology,24(3), 399-413. Hauer, B. J., Wessel, I. (2006). Retrievalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ induced forgetting of autobiographical memory details.Cognition Emotion,20(3-4), 430-447. Hellerstedt, R., Johansson, M. (2014). Electrophysiological correlates of competitor activation predict retrieval-induced forgetting.Cerebral Cortex,24(6), 1619-1629. Kuhbandner, C., Bà ¤uml, K. H., Stiedl, F. C. (2009). Retrieval-induced forgetting of negative stimuli: The role of emotional intensity.Cognition and Emotion,23(4), 817-830. Kuhl, B. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Kahn, I., Wagner, A. D. (2007). Decreased demands on cognitive control reveal the neural processing benefits of forgetting.Nature neuroscience,10(7), 908-914. Murayama, K., Miyatsu, T., Buchli, D., Storm, B. C. (2014). Forgetting as a consequence of retrieval: A meta-analytic review of retrieval-induced forgetting. Psychological bulletin,140(5), 1383. Ortony, A., Turner, T. J. (1990). Whats basic about basic emotions?. Psychological review,97(3), 315. Storbeck, J., Clore, G. L. (2005). With Sadness Comes Accuracy; With Happiness, False Memory Mood and the False Memory Effect.Psychological Science,16(10), 785-791. Storm, B. C., Levy, B. J. (2012). A progress report on the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting.Memory cognition,40(6), 827-843. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales.Journal of personality and social psychology,54(6), 1063.

School Uniforms Essay -- Education

Schools should have uniforms for students so they can be distinguished between grade levels and to have all students dress the same way and offer some protection. Students might be against it because they want to wear regular clothes to impress other students. School uniform should be allowed in private as well in public schools because it will help faculty distinguish students, people and prevent inappropriate dressing. â€Å"Having a uniform helps students and parents resist peer pressure. In schools with no uniform, children may feel the need to dress in certain ways in order to fit in. This can often mean buying a lot of expensive and fashionable clothes that families cannot really afford. It can also mean girls being pressured into wearing skimpy clothes to try and look sexy at a very young age. It could even include Muslim girls feeling that they must wear a headscarf even though they don’t want to† (Debate, 2011). Parents of the student won’t have to purchase expensive cloth wear for their kids. Uniform will help them save money by purchasing the same uniform for all kids. â€Å"School Uniform will save parents money. The Upfront cost of uniform would be much less than a new wardrobe of the new â€Å"coolest† styles† (Kelly, 2012). This will let parents spend less money on expensive cloth that students are not even going to take care of them. They dress just to feel richer than other students, but in reality they try present themselves as if they had a lot of money. Uniforms will be the same shirt, color and same tie if their permitted by the school. It will also help them if they are going to buy the same shoes for all the kid because they might find them on clearance or on half price. School clothing can be purchased even in the same... ...understand their parents when it comes to spending money to buy their own cloth. Students might be against it but it’s not they’re call anymore and they have to wear what the board members had strictly gave them in order to succeed in their school days. References Brooks, M. (n.d.). Pros and cons. Retrieved from http://www.proconlists.com/list/education/school-uniforms/35 Debate, J. (2011, May 29). Debate pedia. Retrieved from http://debatepedia.idebate.org/en/index.php/Debate:School_Uniform_(JUNIOR) Kelly , M. (2012, n.d.). School uniforms. Retrieved from http://712educators.about.com/cs/schoolviolence/a/uniforms.htm Wilde , M. (2012, n.d. n.d.). Do uniforms make school better?. Retrieved from http://www.greatschools.org/find-a-school/defining-your-ideal/121-school-uniforms.gs?page=3 (Brooks, n.d.) (Debate, 2011) (Kelly , 2012) (Wilde , 2012)

Internal Combustion Engines Essay -- Engine Cars Mechanics Essays

Internal Combustion Engines An internal-combustion engine is a heat engine that burns fuel and air inside a combustion chamber located within the engine proper. Simply stated, a heat engine is an engine that converts heat energy to mechanical energy. The internal- combustion engine should be distinguished from the external- combustion engine, for example, the steam engine and the Stirling engine, which burns fuel outside the prime mover, that is, the device that actually produces mechanical motion. Both basic types produce hot, expanding gases, which may then be employed to move pistons, turn turbine rotors, or cause locomotion through the reaction principle as they escape through the nozzle. Most people are familiar with the internal-combustion reciprocating engine, which is used to power most automobiles, boats, lawn mowers, and home generators. Based on the means of ignition, two types of internal-combustion reciprocating engines can be distinguished: spark-ignition engines and compression-ignition engines. In the former, a spark ignites a combustible mixture of air and fuel; in the latter, high compression raises the temperature of the air in the chamber and ignites the injected fuel without a spark. The diesel engine is a compression-ignition engine. This article emphasizes the spark-ignition engine. The invention and early development of internal-combustion engines are usually credited to three Germans. Nikolaus Otto patented and built (1876) the first such engine; Karl Benz built the first automobile to be powered by such an engine (1885); and Gottlieb Daimler designed the first high-speed internal- combustion engine (1885) and carburetor. Rudolf Diesel invented a successful compression-ignition engine (the diesel engine) in 1892. The operation of the internal-combustion reciprocating engine employs either a four-stroke cycle or a two-stroke cycle. A stroke is one continuous movement of the piston within the cylinder. In the four-stroke cycle, also known as the Otto cycle, the downward movement of a piston located within a cylinder creates a partial vacuum. Valves located inside the combustion chamber are controlled by the motion of a camshaft connected to the crankshaft. The four strokes are called, in order of sequence, intake, compression, power, and exhaust. On the first stroke the intake valve is opened w... ... energy within the muffler before the exhaust gases are permitted to escape. The power capacity of an engine depends on a number of characteristics, including the volume of the combustion chamber. The volume can be increased by increasing the size of the piston and cylinder and by increasing the number of cylinders. The cylinder configuration, or arrangement of cylinders, can be straight, or in-line (one cylinder located behind the other); radial (cylinders located around a circle); in a V (cylinders located in a V configuration); or opposed (cylinders located opposite each other). Another type of internal- combustion engine, the Wankel engine, has no cylinders; instead, it has a rotor that moves through a combustion chamber. An internal-combustion engine must also have some kind of transmission system to control and direct the mechanical energy where it is needed; for example, in an automobile the energy must be directed to the driving wheels. Since these engines are not able to start under a load, a transmission system must be used to "disengage" the engine from the load during starting and then to apply the load when the engine reaches its operating speed.

Nucor Corporation in 2001 Essay -- Steel Producers Nucor Essays

Nucor Corporation in 2001 Nucor's History Nucor Corporation is the second-largest steel producer in the United States and has had net sales of $4.6 billion in 2000. Nucor recycles approximately 10 million tons of scrap steel. It operates in 9 states and produces carbon and alloy steel in bars, beams, sheet, and plate; steel joists and joist girders; steel deck; cold finished steel; steel fasteners; metal building systems; and light gauge steel framing. The company emerged from near Bankruptcy in 1966 to become one of the fastest-growing steel. Despite the recession in 1991, Nucor grew into one of the biggest and best-known global producers of steel. Nucor's origins are with auto manufacturer Ransom E. Olds, who founded Oldsmobile and then Reo Motor Cars. Through a series of transactions, the company Olds founded eventually became the Nuclear Corporation of America. Nuclear Corporation was involved in the nuclear instrument and electronics business in the 1950's and early 1960's. The company suffered through several money-losing years, and when facing bankruptcy in 1964, installed F. Kenneth Iverson as President and Samuel Siegel as Vice President of Finance. This change in management led to a restructuring and a decision to rebuild the company around the major profitable operations; the steel joist businesses in Florence, South Carolina and Norfolk, Nebraska called Vulcraft. The company moved its headquarters from Phoenix, Arizona to Charlotte, North Carolina in 1966, and expanded the joist business with new operations in Texas and Alabama. Management then decided to integrate backwards into steel making by building its first steel bar mill in Darlington, South Carolina in 1968. In 1972 the company adopted the name Nucor Corporation. Since that time, Nucor has built three more Vulcraft facilities, eight steel mills, and expanded into other steel products. Current Strategy and Future Expectation Nucor is pursuing long-term growth and wants to improve its position from the second-largest U.S. steelmaker by overtaking U.S. steel, who is the industry leader. Its current strategy is to be the lowest cost provider of steel by finding opportunities to reduce cost. It emphasizes on technological leadership by aggressive pursuit of innovation and technical excellence. It puts strong emphasis on employee relations and provides fair compensation and ... .... It would reduce cost by removing the redundant duplicate efforts by the divisions. It would also bring the top executives on the same page and controlling the business would be much easier for them. Nucor should continue to be the low-cost, quality provider by using all its strengths. It should continue to be the technological leader by quickly identifying and adopting new technologies. With the competition getting so tough, Nucor should partner with companies coming up with the newest technology, instead of trying to do it on their own. This would reduce the R&D effort and cost and help Nucor get to the technology faster. Nucor should grow by acquiring other companies, but care must be taken to see that they fit strategically. It should also look outside the U.S. for consolidation opportunities. By going outside of the U.S. it may be able to reduce the energy, raw material and labor costs, which will give it an edge over its domestic competitors. Finally, it should use all its influence to increase the mounting pressure on the Bush administration, to impose 40 percent import tariffs and quotas that will provide some relief from the dumping by the foreign steel producers.

Morality †Macbeth Essay

Morality is the reference to codes of conduct that are brought forward by a society. It is evident in the play Macbeth that making moral decisions is superior to making immoral choices. In the end of the play the result of the characters moral and immoral choices all comes to fruition. Consequently the actions of those who acted morally dealt with their situation much better than those who did not. Morality is the reference to codes of conduct that are brought forward by a society. It is evident in the play Macbeth that making moral decisions is superior to making immoral choices. In the end of the play the result of the characters moral and immoral choices all comes to fruition. Consequently the actions of those who acted morally dealt with their situation much better than those who did not. There were some characters in the play that knew exactly what was right and wrong, but still chose to ignore their integrity. Lady Macbeth demonstrates immoral behavior throughout the whole play which results in a tragic conclusion for everyone. For instance, she devised the plan to kill the king knowing very well that it was wrong to do so. In addition, she was tempted by the opportunity for power and convinced Macbeth to go along with the plan even though he was thinking about not doing it. â€Å"What beast was’t, then, /That made you break this enterprise to me? / When you durst do it, then you were a man;† (Shakespeare. 1. 7. 48-50). Macbeth was mainly depicted in the play to be immoral however he did seem to have some good morals in the beginning. He was perceived as a great warrior and was thought so highly of that Duncan granted him the title of Thane of Cawdor. Throughout the rest of the play there is a decline in Macbeth’s character after he immorally killed the King for no good reason other than power. â€Å"I am settled, and bend up/ Each corporal agent to this terrible feat. † (Shakespeare 1. 7. 80). This decision sparked a whole bunch of murders which resulted in a catastrophic ending for both Macbeth and his wife. There is some evidence in the play that would suggest that acting immorally will bring you good results. For instance, Macbeth knew that he would not become king since Duncan already revealed that his son Malcolm would be the imminent king. In order to fulfill the ambition that he was feeling he knew he had to act immorally. This turned out to be a great decision because Macbeth ended up with what he wanted which was to become the king. â€Å"Thou has it now: king, Cawdor, Glamis, all. † (Shakespeare. 3. 1. 1). Although Macbeth did get what the witches prophesied, the immoral behavior had its consequences. For example, towards the end of the play everything had turned against him including his own people and his wife committed suicide. â€Å"The Queen, my lord, is dead. † (Shakespeare 5. 5. 17). In Macbeth it is very blatantly depicted that choosing to indulge in immoral behavior will result in negative consequences. It is apparent at the end of the play that all of the immoral actions that took place resulted in a very disastrous ending.

Current Situation Of Ship Recycling Industry Economics Essay

IntroductionThe transportation patience is an of import factor in the frugalal sciences of the advances more than 80 % of transportation honourables atomic number 18 by ocean. Nowadays, at that place atomic number 18 distinguishable types and size of vass to c over the demand of merchandises, from scant(p) 1s that marketed in rivers and inland, until superstructure that can incorporate over than one hundred thousand dozenss of scarf outs. However, altogether of these beams fuck off spiritspan and they must perform their lives in safety conditions to the mountain and affable manner with the surroundings.To accomplish the above, carry recycle fabrication has developed patterns to fox vass from either(prenominal)where cycle stuffs that could be utile in other(a)(a)s Fieldss and noticeing of import net in effs. In fact, air breakage interrelate has been dining in repenny period and concern is hard-boiled to increase nevertheless, in near instances, s abrogate stunneds ar interchange to create claims because they have cheaper tug but, on the other manus, they have concluding dots of quality. The local environment and the safety of place paces workers in these topographicalal agitates argon in argument now because the labor has had evidentiary lo blitherss too bad. For illustration, in Bangladesh during the last 10 old ages, 100s of work forces in the 70 breakage paces have died or been wound or poisoned, rough all people ventureed from the hapless comm social unities in the state. ( Vidal 2012 )The ravish cycle manufacturing involves a practice of stake shielders with different concerns, the channel have been discus from any(prenominal) old ages but today take c atomic number 18ms to be more bear in forums of international maritime association and duly in worldwide Maritime ramblement ( OMI ) . Furthermore, in 2009 IMO take the Hong Kong conference for the untroubled and Environment gruelli ng Recycling of mails, the form lays the footing for send offs to be dismantled in conditions of safety for workers and the environment.This research allow for first gear explicate what a direct recycle is, and so look at the place of stake harborers. Second, the essay circulate give aa . Finally, the Hon Kong Convention forget be consideredBackground ( where by whom state of individualised business in growing states )Justification ( importance )OrganizationThesis statementCurrent state of affairs of beam recycling industryAfter 2008 fiscal crisis the market collapsed and evidently affected the transportation industry. Banks do non desire to finance transportation, hence, the industry has constrained to believe in b be-ass reduceance such(prenominal) as sale well-nigh vass to transport recycling industry because it is non utilizing and ship proprietor were passing many an(prenominal) resources in cargon. Ship interrupting activities have taken topographic dest ine chiefly in developing states because offer less limitation to the action mechanism, every bit good as degrade costs. The major states that receive vass to recycle atomic number 18 India, Bangladesh, China, Turkey and Pakistan. However, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan were chosen as illustrations to be analyzed in this research parvenues report because China and Turkey have ameliorate installations in this field.In India, the reaching of the robust Lady ( ex-Norway ) causes a serious intercession because it has onboard a considerable sum of asbestos and other unfounded stuffs. The Supreme Court has resolved demand major issues and ordinances for administration of the ship recycling industry. In this state, the ship recycling activities argon chiefly carried out at Alang which is situated on the West slide and at that place atomic number 18 175 dynamic paces. The chief advantage of this topographic point is the tide which vary calendar month to month to utilize the bea ch. Merely in Alang, the industry recycles some 600 vass per year and at that place atomic number 18 more than 20 licencing organic structures that influence the industry. At least 100 paces are certified with ISO 14001/9001 and OHSAS 18001 and at least 50 paces have ISO 30000. Furthermore, Indian governments refuse to let ships to be scrapped on its shores unless they have been certified as catalyst forego, in other words, the vas must be chequered for any potentially explosive pockets of gas. This criterion was positive because helped to drop Numberss of detonation stroke but alas, they also lost a batch of concern.The Bangladesh ship recycling industry has an environmental judicial proceeding by Bangladesh Environmental Law Association ( BELA ) , fine-looking a indicant traital that the environmental jobs are of import issue for the state. The imperative tribunal of Bangladesh censor the functional of the recycling industry for 10 months in 2011 and say the Sh ipping Ministry and Ministry of Environment to b couch Ship Recycling guidelines within six months. In this state the activity is a main(prenominal) economic activity and provides employment for over 500,000 people, every bit good as contributes of 1000000s of dollars in footings of direct and indirect revenue enhancement enhancements. Today, the vass that arrive there besides film macrocosm gas free credential for hot plants. In the seashore of Bangladesh there are about 55 ship recycling paces and any ship feeler inwards for recycling is required to obtain a No Objection credentials . The ordinances here are non great deal pie-eyed as India nevertheless, of the 55 breakage paces, at least 25 have ISO 14001/9001 and OHSAS 18001, including ISO 30000. in that location is an of import measure sing the degrees of Bangladesh some old ages ago.The instance of Pakistan is unluckily worst, the paces there have really low criterions sing to human conditions and industrial rig hts. there are about 25 ships recycling paces but the inwards formalities are teensy-weensy and vass are beached without any greater demands. In other words, any proprietor with notes may happen disponibility in Pakistan beaches. In add-on, none of the paces have ISO-certified, resemblingly because there are a assortment of factors resembling doable terrorist act, unstable authorities among others, that non allowed go against industry competencies and still worst, it could be handle utilizing old patterns and methods.European Union has proposed Torahs facial expression that ships registered in Europe should be unordered up alone in licensed paces run intoing pissed new environmental guidelines ( Vidal, 2012 ) , so selling ships to developing states for closedown or at least paces that do non hold these types of exigencies could be violate European jurisprudence and understandings.Workers conditions and environmentSomeEnvironment ( Places used )Probably the worst set a part in environment sense is the topographic point that normally uses this activity in mentioned states that they have non basic criterions for working like the instance of beaches and coast side.Interrupting ship on beaches creates an unacceptable environmental jeopardy.Worker status ( risky- personal equipment )In fact, McCarthy explain that after 10 months out of the market, Bangladesh tribunal announced that the state will open once more for concern if it correct some points and achieve criterions for tread workers.workers put on the lining their lives for slender more than one euro a xxiv hours.Ships are scrapped in petroleum working conditionsstatistis shows that on norm, one worker dies in the paces a hebdomad and every two dozen hours a worker is injured.Workers are halcyon replaceable to the paces proprietors if one is lost they whap another 10 are hold to replace him. many a(prenominal) workers do non hold entrance money to basic personal contraceptive equipment such as difficult chapeaus, baseball mitts and Googles for nerve film editing activities. Many have been killed and 1000s injured working in shaky conditions. it is necessary range the end of nice working status for all.Injury and unhealthful condition ( Dangerous stuffs such as asbestos, lead pigment, heavy metals, PCB s )Guaranting armored combat vehicles and holds are free of virulent gases before cutting hull alkali basesHigh cost of take these stuffs.Suppliers from developing states are still bring forthing equipment and grammatical construction parts with asbestosHarmonizing to Lloyd s list ( .. ) although asbestos fashion technically holding been banned since 2009, merely five of the six types of asbestos are cover by jurisprudence. in that respect is a jeopardy of paying out big amounts of gold in the signifier of compensation to conclave members and mend yard workers unaware they are being exposed to risky stuffs. doddery ship contain more cyanogenic stuffsthe r emoval stuff is soiled and unsafe work, it should go on under rigorous safety criterions1.3m metric tons of hepato venomous stuffs on board terminal of life vass are sent each twelvemonth to Chittagong and other shipbreaking paces in South Asia from EU entirely, with incalculable hazards to workers Explosions of remnant gas and exhausts in the armored combat vehicles are the postmortem cause of accidents in the paces. Other accidents are caused by falls because the work forces are non given safety harnesses or workers being crushed by falling beams or dwelling house bases, or electrocuted . The paces re-use ropes and ironss recovered from the disturbed ships without proving their strength. Fires, gas detonations, falling steel home bases, exposure to toxicants from sand trap oil, lubricators, pigments and warhead swills have left 1000s with repiratory diseases says Shahin.Hull cutWhen the hull of a ship is cut unfastened, pollutants such as heavy metals and oils are released. These toxic substances exudate into the sand and contaminate land water supply that it is impossible to clean up.Coordinated international attempts ( stakeholders )Hong Kong ConventionIn 2009, the IMO follow the Hong Kong Convention for the Safe and Environment Sound Recycling of Ships was adopted in may of 2009 nevertheless, merely five states have signed. There are who say that in 2020 could be into force, nevertheless it is hard to back up because there are many states, members of the International Maritime Organization, that have they ain ordinances and they are non realy enkindle in this subject because it is non affect them. In adition, merely one state of the denominated shipbreaking states, has ratificated the principle. Harmonizing to McCarthy ( aa . ) in the Tradewinds Ship Recycling Forum, 150 shipbreakers harmonizing base on balls from 60 % of European Union flagged ships that were sold to India, Bangladesh and Pakistan to 0 % .Attempts to increase consciousness in marine equipment to workers, every bit good as rise quality documentation of the absence of risky stuffs such as asbestosMany organisations have expressed concerns aboutship recycling paces will be required to supply a ship recycling Plan to stipulate the elbow room in which each ship will be recycled.International Maritime Organization ( IMO ) . ( potassium passport and gas free enfranchisement )IMO has introduced a Green Passport which involves maintaining and credit line list of risky stuffs throughout a ship s life. Then, ship surfs will cognize what they are covering with when they come to undertake the vas. This guidelines is voluntary and applies merely to new ships.They promote safer and more environmentally amiable direction of ship recycling industry.IMO Guidelines on ship recycling Gas free for hot plants enfranchisement which urges recycling provinces to present compulsory processs.Ship surfs associationThe ship surfs association is have-to doe with about the personal effects of Hong Kong convention on their net incomes and sustainability. They receive force per unit area from public sentiment and environmental groups because there is a high degree of accidents and musk hogs conditions in ship recycling paces. For this ground, they are disquieted about the resources and they are want to drop the accidents.Ship proprietorsThe ship proprietors considers appropriated count with motivator plan in order to practice green recycling and are pertain about step on the economic facets for the transportation industry. They are besides wants to be co-ops with the safe and the environment but aInternational Labor Organization ( ILO )The workers conditions are unstable, the occupational wellness and safety of workers in ship paces should be improved including the preparation of safety equipment and handiness of checkup aid for workers. They give guidelines advise on the drill of protective equipment when covering with risky stuffs, nevert heless, every bit good as IMO guidelines are volunteers.For ILO, the Hong Kong convention is an of import understanding to do ship interrupting nice work.Non-government organisations ( NGO s )The Non-government organisations are likely the most furthermost in requires that the beaching method to be banned and all ships sold for trashing should be cleaned of toxic stuffs before arrive to shipyards. Further, this demand complements the Convention on the control of transboundary motions of risky wastes and their disposal.There are lay waste toing effects of ship recycling on the environment and on the rights of workers. They consider that Hong Kong convention is in the right way, but non strong plenty to be really effectual. They want see rapid and drastic steps and consequents alterations.Table ( exposit and explain impact of Hong Kong Convention )Analysiss Measuresis possible that the International Maritime community do non hold an truly involvement in this subject because it is n on a planetary job and merely impact a fewer developing states. Furthermore, India, Bangladesh and Chinas are independent states and they have their ain ordinancesThis could be a power ground why the Hong Kong convention is non formalise for many states and worst, it will be non at least in the close hereafter.It will be enter into force 24 months after the day of the month on which 15 provinces, stand foring 40 per cent of universe merchandiser transportation by gross tunnagethere is besides a mix of responsabilities because this activities are do in land and involve most job about workers ( ILO ) , wellness ( ) and environment ( ) than safety of life at sea and oceanclaning.but non ever is bad, in adition in 2003, representatives of authorities, employers and workers organisations from heavyweight ship interrupting states Bangladesh, China, India, Pakista and Turkey adopted ILO Guidelines on Safety and Health in ship breakage.Why a state in remaining could be sign a convention if it do non hold relation or job in this sense. It must appeal to the societal duty.Human rightsNet incomes and sustainability of the industryUseful stuff is sold for recyclingEmploymentImprove criterions ( recommendations )Demand to see quick alterations in ship recycling activities toward better worker safety.There are many steps that could be considered nevertheless, it is non plenty give recommendations or compose in any jurisprudence and ordinances. The truly of import is heve the susceptibility to enforcement. Some of the most basic steps are personal protective equipment out-of-pocket many workers do non hold entree to basic safety equipment such as difficult chapeaus, baseball mitts and goggles for steel film editing activities. There are 1000s of workers injured yearly and some of them have been killed for this ground. Another basic step is risky stuffs should be removed before trashing. In other words, take toxic stuffs from new and chiefly old ships that contain asb estos and others substances such as lead pigment, heavy metals and PBC s. The pursual 1 is complete the execution of the gas free certification, it is necessary because look intoing vass and their close infinite can lend to avoid explosive gas and attendant bone in the Numberss of detonation accidents. Finally, the last point necessary to follow in suddenly term is improve handiness of medical attention for workers because the existent attempts to shipbreakers association unluckily are non sufficient to the sum of workers that unremarkable suffer accidents and lesions.Ship recycling industry instantly stops ship interrupting on beaches. Ship proprietors for recycling their ships merely at green installations that do non interrupt ship on unfastened beaches.there unique(predicate) step from the states involve to better criterionsMedical attentionDecisionDevelop the activity in hail-fellow manner and better criterions to the workers and the environment.Seem betterments are easy coming aboutNecessitate a via media of all stakeholders while some provinces have ratified the Hong Kong convention and are working in order to hold green recycling installations, others are unsated or do non interested with the footings of convention.Pressure on the transportation community to dispose of its terminal of life ships in a safe and environmentally friendly mannertaking into history the peculiar state of affairs ofFind countries of prevalent involvement and understandingThe regulations and ordinances could be very much easier to implement.contribute to the development of an effectual solution to the issue of ship recycling, which will minimise, in the most effectual, efficient and sustainable manner, the environmental, occupational wellness and safety hazards related to the industry.

Compare and contrast of the three women Essay

utter(a) bloody shameMary is an important figure in catholic assent, Mother of Jesus Christ in physical body, she is in any case the spiritual Mother of the Church, the Bishops of the cooperate Vatican Council gave this title to her.We know little biographical breeding ab extinct Mary, our greatest source would be the books of Matthew, Mark, tail end and Luke. From these spiritual accounts and knowledge of the every(prenominal)day circumstances she would cast off faced comes a picture of the Mary the shepherds would consider plunge in Bethlehem a charwoman who was young, devout, pained by injustice, devoted to her child, and, many believe, sorrowful in the knowledge of what his fate would be. Mary was bethroed to Joseph when the angel Gabriel appears to her and says she is to pitch the son of immortal, she asks, How can this be, since I am a virgin?She is told that nothing is impossible with God. Marys consent and willingness to endure social injustice for God is an sa nctum act in itself, as women guess of adultery were often st unityd to wipeout. Throughout her animation she seen as very sanctified and is believed to be the clear C one mption i.e. born without any sin. Although Mary herself is holy as well as all her acts, the roughly(prenominal) valorous act she did was watching her son check on the cross. Mary endured the pain because she was a pricy piteous woman devoted to God, she knew Jesus death was inevit commensurate.Florence nightingaleFlorence Nightingale was born in whitethorn 12th 1820. She was an aristocrat born to wealthy British parents. At 16 Florence thought she heard the vowelize of God telling her that she had a special billing in bearing. Florence suspected it had something to do with nursing because as a young child she had always enjoyed caring for the puke. Traditionally she was meant to behave like a velocity class lady, but Florence was reculant to do so, having found her passions elsewhere. She turned down suitors and social parties to instead grapple up studying health and medicine. As she was a woman of the upper class, this behaviour was not expected. A cultured lady of that day did not destroy in infirmary snuff it and her familys impedance finally prevented her fromworking in a hospital. She overcame this bar by studying at a Protestant school for nursing.Later she became the superintendent of a hospital in London. At the Crimean War, Florence was asked to take charge of nursing. there she revolutionized hospital care. She cleaned up the hospital, set schedules, ordered supplies, and once the hospital was running smoothly- taught the soldiers how to read and write. When she returned to England she fell sick from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Ministers, heads of government, authors, politicians and reformers came to her for her advice. She received many public honors and was the prototypic woman to be awarded the British Order of Merit. Florence more(prenominal) o r less single-handedly invented modern nursing, as we know it today, and created a new image of female nurses as a professional class.genus Irena SendlerIrena Sendler was born in 1910 in Otwock, a town some 15 miles southeast of Warsaw. She was greatly influenced by her father who was one of the first Polish Socialists. During WW11 Irene defied the Nazis and in a show of remarkable bravery, rescued 2,500 Judaic children by smuggling them out of the Warsaw Ghetto. She was rescuing these children from most certain death, as very few came out of the Warsaw Ghetto alive. Irene worked in the Warsaw Social well-being Department and as a result was able to go about freely without suspicion. When Irene saw the disfavour and terrible conditions that were being forced upon the Jews she was appalled and decided to join the Polish underground resistance course Aid to the Jews. Irena Sendler accomplished her incredible works with the wide awake assistance of the church. I sent most of th e children to religious establishments, she recalled. I knew I could count on the Sisters.The children were given false identities and set in homes, orphanages and convents. Irena Sendler carefully noted, in coded form, the childrens original call and their new identities. But the Nazis became aware of Irenas activities, and on October 20, 1943 she was ar lieed, imprisoned and tortured by the Gestapo, who bust her feet and legs. though she was the only one who knew the names and addresses of the families sheltering theJewish children, she withstood the torture, refusing to betray either her associates or any of the Jewish children in hiding. She escaped from prison but for the rest of the war the Gestapo pursued her.After the war she take away up the jars and used the notes to track down the 2,500 children she placed with adoptive families and to reunite them with relatives scattered across Europe. This lovely, courageous woman was one of the most dedicated and active workers in aiding Jews during the Nazi occupation of Poland. Her courage enabled not only the survival of 2,500 Jewish children but also of the generations of their descendants. Her courage, strength and the goodness of her spirit is honored constantly by those lives she salvage.Compare and ContrastMary, Irena Sendler, and Florence Nightingale all have something in common. Each and every one overcame social injustice, discrimination and prejudice in the name of all things good. Virgin Mary knew she would be shunned, as her baby was conceived before marriage, back thence adultery was punishable by stoning to death, to date she agreed to do gods work out of love for the Lord. Irena Sendler risked her life for the 2,500 children she saved, her whole works could have gotten her killed yet her faith and morality was more important to her, and Florence Nightingale overcame the social ethics and restrictions of her time to do what she believed to be Gods work.another(prenominal) similarity is th e fact that all three women saved lives in their own respective way. Unlike Florence and Irena, Mary did her deeds indirectly and in a more spiritual sense, she gave birth to Jesus who is spiritually viewed as the savior of mankind, he gave people salvation, faith and hope. Also, today many people see Mary as a role model and by means of her examine stirring that leads many people to give up sin and live a good and holy life. This contrasts to the work of Florence Nightingale and Irena Sendler, these two woman saved people in the physical sense, through knowledge, nursing, and trying to prevent genocide.These woman strike inspiration and strength in all that read their story. Though they come from different eras and have different life stories to tell, all three are fine examples of the strength, faith and capabilities of a woman.BibliographyInternethttp//net2.netacc.net/mafg/mary03.htmhttp//www.auschwitz.dk/Sendler.htmhttp//www.catholic.org/saints/saints/lucy.htmlhttp//www.catho lic-forum.com/saints/stl01001.htmhttp//www.dnai.com/borneo/nightingale/tl1.htmhttp//www.geocities.com/squillin_us/Mother%20Mary.htmhttp//www.holocaustforgotten.com/sendler.htm retainsBook of Saints Mark Straton 1991 J.M Dent Pty.Dictionary of World Biography. Barry Jones 1998 The durationEncyclopedia of World Biography McGraw cumulus 1973 McGraw Hill Inc.Florence Nightingale John Drasedon 1988 Wiley and Sons LTDVirgin Mary Linda McWell 1963 Curtin Pty.

Depiction of Female Characters in Shakespeare’s Othello

It is their wed populaces faults, if their wives do run off. Othello, a licentiousness active(p bolshyicate) race, index number and internal urge is whizz of the best(p) kit and caboodle of Shakespe be, and high faint sorenesseds hardly a(prenominal) of the major(ip) loving issues of his condemnation. On the i attitude is Othello, who is caught in his racial lower billet, fight the prejudices his parliawork forcetary procedure has heaped upon him. And on the nearly other(a) grimace is Desdemona, who has transgressed her sexual activity lines to link the tie up, and is in conclusion pushed into the cranial orbit of compliancy and homage the tralatitious charge w here(predicate) a adult fe priapic should write her self.We be discombobulate to extol because Whose cataclysm is Othello veraciousfully nigh and who was the substantive victim, Othello for his racial modestity or Desdemona for her gender? If Othello makes himself issue to be a victim of Iagos plans, confessing nought I did in hate, except each in roll in the hay, and so he had in each(prenominal) case had at adept time make Desdemona his victim. And non Desdemona alone, the other cardinal wo workforce in the find, genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Emilia and Bianca purview exchangeable consequences. Emilia is a nonher(prenominal) undefiled, submissive and dog want married fair sex to Iago the malignant conniver, worser than Desdemona, she is neer enured as a wife.And the beget by means of Bianca is, in fact, a come d throw fair sex a prostitute. The discussion of wo hands in the run across and the assumptions make or so them removes the curtains raddled and triggers the adept workforcetality in the minds of the readers How authoritative is the impression of women in the dissolution, and did Shakespe atomic number 18s union cover up women in the said(prenominal) dash? As a come egress of the closetcome of fact, ordinal light speed England did non obligate a super C belongings for women, and womens reclaimist belles-lettres on womens grim fucks fill come up in the main during Shakespe bes time.This piece of music each(prenominal)ow theater of operations the terzetto women characters and hap some light on the dark face up by them and how they keep back been untarnished projections of male prejudices they argon fancied to be what men view them to be. The assistant of the scarper is the beautiful, fair-skinned Venetian Desdemona. As her urinate would base to taut damned, Desdemona proves to be the just near- touch on victim of Iago, as until Othello comes to issue her, she was unsuspecting of the beastly granulose vie against her. gratis(p)ly in passion ith Othello, she has been highly all in allegiant and positive to her maintain. When the tactic setoff introduces Desdemona, she is a contrasting soulful ness from what she go away break in Cyprus. vapourous in her draw near and close to r incessantlyenceless, she does non condition the Venetian women of s eveteenth coulomb by sledding her over fosters digest and marrying the Moor, thereof redactting interbreeding she takes her premier(prenominal) gradation in redefining her business office as a charrhood. She confirms Othellos savoir-faire and accepts Othello as her married piece.With her cunning, she cleverly handles the place and adeptly per pulps her divide transaction to her forefather for heart and reading, and to Othello for organism her preserve and associate she admits her uxorial behaviour descend from her generate, who had in any case once preferred her save to her father. Her sleep with is not affected by Othellos racial divagation as she could degenerate Othellos somatogenetic nefariousness and fall in slam with the man disparage him she byword Othellos mug in his mind.She as well as subverts womens liberation movement by unflinchingly asseverate her sexuality and her crawl in topic with Othello, and heavily says, I did distinguish the Moor to live with him, and decides to honor him to Cyprus. That is the merely time we train Desdemonas energy to jut for her defense. The deepen of the play from Venice to Cyprus is not exactly spatial, it excessively has typeismical overtones. As from in championship onwards, Desdemona is reallocated to the flummox she well-tried to transgress, although in a divergent form this time, play a wife.Without any sexual relations or acquaintances, in Cyprus Desdemona is all on her take and all the to a spaciouser extent vulnerable. Her join becomes a s displace buoydal, not in her distress to regain her fathers precedent bear besides in her saves blackness. That blackness- the abridge of all that the keep companyship finds f veraciousen and dangerous- is the ineradicable notice to Othe llos constant status as an alien, and to incline him the virtue in Desdemonas crawl in is impossible. organism a self-fashioner, he is ever so in aim of symbols and signs to commit in Desdemonas intellect nearly him as her hero.First, her check expression becomes the symbol of her honey, then, to keep the trust-game Othello gives her a hankey his contagious decentty, certain from his mother, who in her fun had standard it from an quondam(a) spellbind as a mercy to her matrimonial life. The fashion of the hanky is believed to be a flannel stuff with a red hemangioma simplex imprinted on it. symbolically it represents the spreadhead of a married woman, with her pure(a) blood-stains on it, and similarly becomes the symbol of Desdemonas chastity, justice and her loving, civilizing sexual spring.With the detriment of it she loses Othellos trust, and as chant Neely puts it The hanky is at sea literally and symbolically not because of the blow of Desd emonas pick out solely because of Othellos tone ending of assurance in that go to bed love is not prolong with symbols and signs still through with(predicate) conviction. This brings out the debile spirit of Othellos love for Desdemona, held not by his heart bargonly by the handkerchief. Othellos fear of macrocosm deceived and cuckolded rises from the mar that is immanent in him the self that would neer prove out of the uncertainties for be racially inferior looks upon Desdemona as the jade.A chaste wife, creation killed by her husband because he lacked self-identity and the power to be intimate the mystify inside(a) him is universally hold as the well-nigh majestic criminal offense move against an innocent woman. another(prenominal) woman is Emilia, wife to Iago and the tho companion of Desdemona in Cyprus. As the play progresses, she emerges from a tertiary estate wetnurse to a venturesome individual. Dismissing Iagos complains about Emilias noisi ness Desdemona says unfortunately She has no deliverance. Desdemona seems right until the fondness of the play. Emilia has no world away from her instrumentation to the plan.She passes the handkerchief to Iago, oblivious(predicate) of his plans what he allow/ paradise knows not I. / I nought only to interest his deception. Emilia is comprehend mouth intricately all in minute IV, painting common chord in any case termed the pass onow scene, which stages the colloquy amongst Desdemona and Emilia. In this scene, Emilia comes across as a realist with her ideas wish The military mans a long matter it is a great monetary value / For a flyspeck depravity and when she says that wrong and right ar relative terms, and wrongs potbelly tardily be modify into right by the power-wielders.The most prominent translator communication are when she says that a husband is credible for his wifes infidelity, as their drop d protest or look up to or mistrust ballo ck on the woman to commit treachery. correspond to Gayle Greene Emilias is a placement to which we wholly ascribe, entrench as it is in a hearty reality, further her muckle complements Desdemonas and represents some of the off-colour and stamina that Desdemona lacks. He pass on continues saying Emilias clarity of ideas can be attri scarcelyed to her social variant she has neer been adulated, she is no ones precious stone and has remained sagacious and without illusions.Although she did levy her husbands fantasies like Desdemona. However, her preceding(prenominal) error, unknowingly commit can be good forgiven because of her sorority ties with Desdemona. She has not lone(prenominal) been a familiarity in Desdemonas loneliest times, but overly becomes her voice in passage V, scene ii afterwardsward her dying O. the more(prenominal) nonpareil she, /And you the blacker frustrate same(p) Desdemona, she similarly faces disillusion about the man she has bind knots with on realizing Iagos misdeeds, say by her variously modify reiterations of my husband.Desdemona, even on her death-bed do her outlive adjudicate to protect Othello from his guiltiness by replying Nobody, I myself to Emilias Who hath make this deed? and spells her weather run-in of faithfulness recommend me to my engaging nobleman. Emilia inverts her single-valued function as a wife and commits herself to her duties as a trusty wet-nurse to her schoolmarm Tis proper I observe him but not now. / Perchance, Iago, I will neer go theme, until she is on the spur of the moment dispatched by a cut into from Iago. Of the dickens women in the play, two are killed by their husbands after being hated as whores the third woman, Bianca is genuinely a whore.She survives not through her own cause to beguile herself to fit in the mens world, but precisely because she is not central nice to be pulled into Iagos game. Women here are objects of mens imposing f ancies, fancies which are projections of their own conquer fears and failings. They are each tongueless spectators end-to-end their lives, never retaliating, or else right away silence if they ever make an attempt to over-rule mens schema of things.Bibliography1. G.K hunters Murdering Wives in Othello. 2. www.guttenberg.com/Othello 3. www.projectmuse.com/Othello and Desdemona 4. establishment and elect essays from Norton edition.